Direct observation of deterministic macroscopic entanglement

Abstract

Quantum entanglement of mechanical systems emerges when distinct objects move with such a high degree of correlation that they can no longer be described separately. Although quantum mechanics presumably applies to objects of all sizes, directly observing entanglement becomes challenging as masses increase, requiring measurement and control with a vanishingly small error. Here, using pulsed electromechanics, we deterministically entangle two mechanical drumheads with masses of 70 pg. Through nearly quantum-limited measurements of the position and momentum quadratures of both drums, we perform quantum state tomography and thereby directly observe entanglement. Such entangled macroscopic systems are uniquely poised to serve in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, enable sensing beyond the standard quantum limit, and function as long-lived nodes of future quantum networks.

42 pages, 3 main figures, supplementary materials: text, 4 figures, 3 tables, 7 references

References in corpus (7)

• Sideband Cooling Micromechanical Motion to the Quantum Ground State
• Circuit cavity electromechanics in the strong coupling regime
• State Transfer Between a Mechanical Oscillator and Microwave Fields in the Quantum Regime
• Steady state entanglement in the mechanical vibrations of two dielectric membranes
• Symplectic invariants, entropic measures and correlations of Gaussian states
• Entanglement between Distant Macroscopic Mechanical and Spin Systems
• Entanglement of Propagating Optical Modes via a Mechanical Interface

Cited by in corpus (96)

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• Enhancing Gravitational Interaction between Quantum Systems by a Massive Mediator
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• Multimode optomechanical cooling via general dark-mode control
• Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment with two Bose-Einstein condensates
• Topological lattices realized in superconducting circuit optomechanics
• Entangling ferrimagnetic magnons with an atomic ensemble via opto-magnomechanics
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• Nonlinear nanomechanical resonators approaching the quantum ground state
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• Thermal-noise-resistant optomechanical entanglement via general dark-mode control
• Generating quantum entanglement between macroscopic objects with continuous measurement and feedback control
• Dynamical Backaction Evading Magnomechanics
• Entangling mechanical vibrations of two massive ferrimagnets by fully exploiting the nonlinearity of magnetostriction
• Limit on spatial quantum superpositions with massive objects due to phonons
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• Two-mode Schrödinger-cat states with nonlinear optomechanics: generation and verification of non-Gaussian mechanical entanglement
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• Nonclassical photon statistics in two-tone continuously driven optomechanics
• Electron-mediated entanglement of two distant macroscopic ferromagnets within a nonequilibrium spintronic device
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• Strong Intrinsic Longitudinal Coupling in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
• Amplitude and phase noise in Two-membrane cavity optomechanics
• Motional entanglement of remote optically levitated nanoparticles
• Generation of stable Gaussian cluster states in optomechanical systems with multifrequency drives
• Large amplitude mechanical coherent states and detection of weak nonlinearities in cavity optomechanics
• Simultaneous cooling of degenerate mechanical modes in unresolved sideband regime via optical and mechanical nonlinearities
• Deterministic generation of nonclassical mechanical states in cavity optomechanics via reinforcement learning
• Enhancing mechanical entanglement in molecular optomechanics
• Single-photon induced instabilities in a cavity electromechanical device
• Optomechanical cooling with simultaneous intracavity and extracavity squeezed light
• Dissipative and dispersive cavity optomechanics with a frequency-dependent mirror
• A Novel Architecture for room temperature microwave optomechanical experiments
• Phase-selective tripartite entanglement and asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in squeezed optomechanics
• Phase-controlled robust tripartite quantum entanglement in cavity-magnon optomechanics
• Generating magnon Bell states via parity measurement
• Measurement and Memory in the Periodically Driven Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation
• Interplay between external driving, dissipation and collective effects in the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes
• Optomechanics for quantum technologies
• Steady motional entanglement between two distant levitated nanoparticles
• At the Edge of Uncertainty: Decoding the Cosmological Constant value with Bose-Einstein Distribution
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• High-$Q$ membrane resonators using ultra-high-stress crystalline TiN films
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