Direct observation of deterministic macroscopic entanglement

Abstract

Quantum entanglement of mechanical systems emerges when distinct objects move with such a high degree of correlation that they can no longer be described separately. Although quantum mechanics presumably applies to objects of all sizes, directly observing entanglement becomes challenging as masses increase, requiring measurement and control with a vanishingly small error. Here, using pulsed electromechanics, we deterministically entangle two mechanical drumheads with masses of 70 pg. Through nearly quantum-limited measurements of the position and momentum quadratures of both drums, we perform quantum state tomography and thereby directly observe entanglement. Such entangled macroscopic systems are uniquely poised to serve in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, enable sensing beyond the standard quantum limit, and function as long-lived nodes of future quantum networks.

42 pages, 3 main figures, supplementary materials: text, 4 figures, 3 tables, 7 references

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• Quantum entanglement
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• Observation of strong and tunable light-induced dipole-dipole interactions between optically levitated nanoparticles
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• Noise-Tolerant Optomechanical Entanglement via Synthetic Magnetism
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• Nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity-magnon optomechanics
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• Enhancing Gravitational Interaction between Quantum Systems by a Massive Mediator
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• Nonlinear nanomechanical resonators approaching the quantum ground state
• Magnon squeezing by two-tone driving of a qubit in cavity-magnon-qubit systems
• Optomechanical crystal with bound states in the continuum
• Thermal-noise-resistant optomechanical entanglement via general dark-mode control
• Generating quantum entanglement between macroscopic objects with continuous measurement and feedback control
• Dynamical Backaction Evading Magnomechanics
• Entangling mechanical vibrations of two massive ferrimagnets by fully exploiting the nonlinearity of magnetostriction
• Limit on spatial quantum superpositions with massive objects due to phonons
• Two-mode Schrödinger-cat states with nonlinear optomechanics: generation and verification of non-Gaussian mechanical entanglement
• Controllable generation of mechanical quadrature squeezing via dark-mode engineering in cavity optomechanics
• Nonlinear Sideband Cooling to a Cat State of Motion
• Quantum collective motion of macroscopic mechanical oscillators
• Multipartite entanglement in a microwave frequency comb
• Strong parametric coupling between two ultra-coherent membrane modes
• Tripartite quantum entanglement with squeezed optomechanics
• Coherent coupling and non-destructive measurement of trapped-ion mechanical oscillators
• Quantum backaction evading measurements of a silicon nitride membrane resonator
• Shaping photons: quantum computation with bosonic cQED
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• Quantum entanglement assisted via Duffing nonlinearity
• Instabilities near ultrastrong coupling in microwave optomechanical cavity
• Millionfold improvement in multivibration-feedback optomechanical refrigeration via auxiliary mechanical coupling
• Event-Based Imaging of Levitated Microparticles
• Deterministic multi-phonon entanglement between two mechanical resonators on separate substrates
• Creation of Two-Mode Squeezed States in Atomic Mechanical Oscillators
• Optimal entanglement generation in optomechanical systems via Krotov control of covariance matrix dynamics
• Detecting quantumness in uniform precessions
• Macroscopic quantum entanglement between an optomechanical cavity and a continuous field in presence of non-Markovian noise
• Nanomechanical Design Strategy for Single-Mode Optomechanical Measurement
• Multiphonon transitions in a quantum electromechanical system
• Nonclassical mechanical states in cavity optomechanics in the single-photon strong-coupling regime
• Macroscopic quantum mechanics in gravitational-wave observatories and beyond
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• Coupling high-overtone bulk acoustic wave resonators via superconducting qubits
• Entanglement Thresholds of Doubly-Parametric Quantum Transducers
• Continuous optical-to-mechanical quantum state transfer in the unresolved sideband regime
• Quantum heat valve and entanglement in superconducting $LC$ resonators
• Nonclassical photon statistics in two-tone continuously driven optomechanics
• Mesoscopic and macroscopic quantum correlations in photonic, atomic and optomechanical systems
• Electron-mediated entanglement of two distant macroscopic ferromagnets within a nonequilibrium spintronic device
• Reinforcement learning assisted non-reciprocal optomechanical gyroscope
• Motional entanglement of remote optically levitated nanoparticles
• Amplitude and phase noise in Two-membrane cavity optomechanics
• Strong Intrinsic Longitudinal Coupling in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
• Simultaneous cooling of degenerate mechanical modes in unresolved sideband regime via optical and mechanical nonlinearities
• Deterministic generation of nonclassical mechanical states in cavity optomechanics via reinforcement learning
• Generation of stable Gaussian cluster states in optomechanical systems with multifrequency drives
• Large amplitude mechanical coherent states and detection of weak nonlinearities in cavity optomechanics
• Enhancing mechanical entanglement in molecular optomechanics
• Optomechanical cooling with simultaneous intracavity and extracavity squeezed light
• Single-photon induced instabilities in a cavity electromechanical device
• A Novel Architecture for room temperature microwave optomechanical experiments
• Phase-selective tripartite entanglement and asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in squeezed optomechanics
• Dissipative and dispersive cavity optomechanics with a frequency-dependent mirror
• Interplay between external driving, dissipation and collective effects in the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes
• Phase-controlled robust tripartite quantum entanglement in cavity-magnon optomechanics
• Measurement and Memory in the Periodically Driven Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation
• Generating magnon Bell states via parity measurement
• Prospects of cooling a mechanical resonator with a transmon qubit in c-QED setup
• Optomechanics for quantum technologies
• Steady motional entanglement between two distant levitated nanoparticles
• Quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in ultrastrongly light-matter coupled system
• Manipulating Topological Polaritons in Optomechanical Ladders
• Mechanical Squeezed-Fock Qubit: Towards Quantum Weak-Force Sensing
• High-$Q$ membrane resonators using ultra-high-stress crystalline TiN films
• Generation of bipartite mechanical cat state by performing projective Bell state measurement
• At the Edge of Uncertainty: Decoding the Cosmological Constant value with Bose-Einstein Distribution
• Synchronization of molecular electrochemical oscillators by photon-assisted entanglement
• Synthetic magnetism for solitons in optomechanical array
• Coordinately Assisted Distillation of Quantum Coherence in Multipartite System
• Quantum evolution of mixed states and performance of quantum heat engines
• Advances in quantum optomechanical control based on cavity cold-atom systems
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• On Schrödingerist Quantum Thermodynamics
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