Stochastic thermodynamics of relativistic Brownian motion

Abstract

Physical scenarios that require a relativistic treatment are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from cosmological objects to charge carriers in Dirac materials. Interestingly all of these situations have in common that the systems typically operate very far from thermal equilibrium. Therefore, if and how the framework of stochastic thermodynamics applies at relativistic energies is a salient question. In the present work we generalize the notions of stochastic heat and work for the relativistic Langevin equation and derive the fluctuation theorems without and with feedback. For processes with feedback we consider the ramifications of the lack of simultaneity of events in the inertial frames of observer and Brownian particles, and we argue that the framework of absolute irreversibility is instrumental to avoid acausal considerations. The analysis is concluded with a few remarks on potential experimental applications in graphene.

12 pages

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• General relativistic stochastic thermodynamics
• Fluctuation theorem for irreversible entropy production in electrical conduction
• Fluctuation theorems in general relativistic stochastic thermodynamics
• Heat Distribution of Relativistic Brownian Motion
• Perturbative expansion of irreversible works in symmetric and asymmetric processes
• Thermodynamic uncertainty relations for relativistic quantum thermal machines
• Quantum Otto engines at relativistic energies
• Relativistic Langevin Equation derived from a particle-bath Lagrangian