Crumples as a generic stress-focusing instability in confined sheets

Abstract

Thin elastic solids are easily deformed into a myriad of three-dimensional shapes, which may contain sharp localized structures as in a crumpled candy wrapper, or have smooth and diffuse features like the undulating edge of a flower. Anticipating and controlling these morphologies is crucial to a variety of applications involving textiles, synthetic skins, and inflatable structures. Here we show that a "wrinkle-to-crumple" transition, previously observed in specific settings, is a ubiquitous response for confined sheets. This unified picture is borne out of a suite of model experiments on polymer films confined to liquid interfaces with spherical, hyperbolic, and cylindrical geometries, which are complemented by experiments on macroscopic membranes inflated with gas. We use measurements across this wide range of geometries, boundary conditions, and lengthscales to quantify several robust morphological features of the crumpled phase, and we build an empirical phase diagram for crumple formation that disentangles the competing effects of curvature and compression. Our results suggest that crumples are a generic microstructure that emerge at large curvatures due to a competition of elastic and substrate energies.

arXiv comment12 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• Geometric Theory of Mechanical Screening in two-dimensional solids
• Wrinkling and developable cones in centrally confined sheets
• A wrinkled cylindrical shell as a tunable locking material
• Isometric Incompatibility in Growing Elastic Sheets
• Ordered buckling structures in a twisted crimped tube
• Shape of a membrane on a liquid interface with arbitrary curvatures