Supernova Magnitude Evolution and PAge Approximation

Abstract

The evidence of environmental dependence of Type Ia supernova luminosity has inspired recent discussion about whether the late-universe cosmic acceleration is still supported by supernova data. We adopt the $\Delta \mathrm{HR}/\Delta \mathrm{age}$ parameter, which describes the dependence of supernova absolute magnitude on the age of supernova progenitor, as an additional nuisance parameter. Using the Pantheon supernova data, a lower bound $\ge 12\mathrm{Gyr}$ on the cosmic age, and a Gaussian prior $H_0=70\pm 2\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}\mathrm{Mp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-1}$ on the Hubble constant, we reconstruct the cosmic expansion history. Within the flat $\Lambda$ cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) framework, we still find a $5.6\sigma$ detection of cosmic acceleration. This is because a matter dominated decelerating universe would be too young to accommodate observed old stars with age $\gtrsim 12\mathrm{Gyr}$. A decelerating but non-flat universe is marginally consistent with the data, however, only in the presence of a negative spatial curvature $\sim$ two orders of magnitude beyond the current constraint from cosmic microwave background data. Finally, we propose a more general Parameterization based on the cosmic Age (PAge), which is {\it not} directly tied to the dark energy concept and hence is ideal for a null test of the cosmic acceleration. We find that, for a magnitude evolution rate $\Delta \mathrm{HR}/\Delta \mathrm{age}\lesssim 0.3\mathrm{mag}/5.3\mathrm{Gyr}$ (Kang et al. 2020), a spatially flat and decelerating PAge universe is fully consistent with the supernova data and the cosmic age bound, and has no tension with the geometric constraint from the observed CMB acoustic angular scales.

ApJL accepted

References in corpus (5)

• Improved Dark Energy Constraints from ~100 New CfA Supernova Type Ia Light Curves
• Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology
• Three Ancient Halo Subgiants: Precise Parallaxes, Compositions, Ages, and Implications for Globular Clusters
• Non-parametric dark energy reconstruction using the tomographic Alcock-Paczynski test
• The dimensionless age of the Universe: a riddle for our time

Cited by in corpus (19)

• On the evolution of the Hubble constant with the SNe Ia Pantheon Sample and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: a feasibility study for GRB-cosmology in 2030
• On the use of the local prior on the absolute magnitude of Type Ia supernovae in cosmological inference
• No-go guide for the Hubble tension : Late-time solutions
• No-go guide for late-time solutions to the Hubble tension: Matter perturbations
• Influence of the Bounds of the Hyperparameters on the Reconstruction of Hubble Constant with Gaussian Process
• Model independent bounds on Type Ia supernova absolute peak magnitude
• Reaffirming the Cosmic Acceleration without Supernova and CMB
• No-go guide for the Hubble tension: late-time or local-scale new physics
• The $S_8$ Tension in Light of Updated Redshift-Space Distortion Data and PAge Approximation
• Redshift Evolution and Non-Universal Dispersion of Quasar Luminosity Correlation
• Model-independent cosmological inference after the DESI DR2 data with improved inverse distance ladder
• Reconciling low and high redshift GRB luminosity correlations
• Revisiting progenitor-age dependence of type Ia supernova luminosity standardization process
• A More Accurate Parameterization based on cosmic Age (MAPAge)
• Narrowing down the Hubble tension to the first two rungs of distance ladders
• A PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid Model
• Thawing k-essence dark energy in the PAge space
• Testing the cosmological principle on gigaparsec scales
• Physical Implications and Updated Observational Constraints of the PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid Model