Experimental Detection of the Quantum Phases of a Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator on a Spin Quantum Simulator

Abstract

The detection of topological phases of matter becomes a central issue in recent years. Conventionally, the realization of a specific topological phase in condensed matter physics relies on probing the underlying surface band dispersion or quantum transport signature of a real material, which may be imperfect or even absent. On the other hand, quantum simulation offers an alternative approach to directly measure the topological invariant on a universal quantum computer. However, experimentally demonstrating high-dimensional topological phases remains a challenge due to the technical limitations of current experimental platforms. Here, we investigate the three-dimensional topological insulators in the AIII (chiral unitary) symmetry class which yet lack experimental realization. Using the nuclear magnetic resonance system, we experimentally demonstrate their topological properties, where a dynamical quenching approach is adopted and the dynamical bulk-boundary correspondence in the momentum space is observed. As a result, the topological invariants are measured with high precision on the band-inversion surface, exhibiting robustness to the decoherence effect. Our work paves the way towards the quantum simulation of topological phases of matter in higher dimensions and more complex systems through controllable quantum phases transitions.

arXiv comment6 pages for main text+ 5 pages for supplementary information

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• Quantum dynamical characterization and simulation of topological phases with high-order band inversion surfaces
• Topological classification of Higher-order topological phases with nested band inversion surfaces
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• Universal topological quench dynamics: Altland-Zirnbauer tenfold classes
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• Signatures of a surface spin-orbital chiral metal
• Experimental quantum simulation of non-Hermitian dynamical topological states using stochastic Schrödinger equation
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• Dynamically characterizing topological phases by high-order topological charges
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• Link between \emph{Zitterbewegung} and topological phase transition
• Revealing the spatial nature of sublattice symmetry
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• Stability of dynamical topology against dynamical noise in quantum quenches
• Magnetization-Induced Phase Transitions on the surface of 3D Topological Insulators
• Generic theory of characterizing topological phases under quantum slow dynamics
• Unveiling Higher-Order Topology via Polarized Topological Charges
• Topological spin-orbit-coupled fermions beyond rotating wave approximation
• Measuring Non-Hermitian Topological Invariants Directly from Quench Dynamics
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• Breakdown of boundary criticality and exotic topological semimetals in $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-invariant systems
• Non-Markovianity Benefits Quantum Dynamics Simulation