Large scale star formation in Auriga region

Abstract

New observations in the $VI$ bands along with archival data from the 2MASS and $WISE$ surveys have been used to generate a catalog of young stellar objects (YSOs) covering an area of about $6^{\circ }\times 6^{\circ }$ in the Auriga region centered at $l\sim 173^{\circ }$ and $b\sim 1^{\circ }.5$. The nature of the identified YSOs and their spatial distribution are used to study the star formation in the region. The distribution of YSOs along with that of the ionized and molecular gas reveals two ring-like structures stretching over an area of a few degrees each in extent. We name these structures as Auriga Bubbles 1 and 2. The center of the Bubbles appears to be above the Galactic mid-plane. The majority of Class\,{\sc i} YSOs are associated with the Bubbles, whereas the relatively older population, i.e., Class\,{\sc ii} objects are rather randomly distributed. Using the minimum spanning tree analysis, we found 26 probable sub-clusters having 5 or more members. The sub-clusters are between $\sim$0.5 pc - $\sim$ 3 pc in size and are somewhat elongated. The star formation efficiency in most of the sub-cluster region varies between 5$\%$ - 20$\%$ indicating that the sub-clusters could be bound regions. The radii of these sub-clusters also support it.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 30 Pages, 10 Tables and 18 figures

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