Seismic array measurements at Virgo's West End Building for the configuration of a Newtonian-noise cancellation system

Abstract

Terrestrial gravity fluctuations produce so-called Newtonian noise (NN) which is expected to limit the low frequency sensitivity of existing gravitational-waves (GW) detectors LIGO and Virgo, when they will reach their full potential, and of next-generation detectors like the Einstein Telescope. In this paper, we present a detailed characterization of the seismic field at Virgo's West End Building as part of the development of a Newtonian noise cancellation system. The cancellation system will use optimally filtered data from a seismometer array to produce an estimate of the Newtonian-noise generated by the seismic field, and to subtract this estimate from the gravitational-wave channel of the detector. By using an array of 38 seismic sensors, we show that, despite the influence of the complexity of Virgo's infrastructure on the correlation across the array, Wiener filtering can still be very efficient in reconstructing the seismic field around the test-mass location. Taking into account the division of the building's foundations into separate concrete slabs, and the different properties of the seismic field across them, we conclude that the arrays to be used for the Newtonian-noise cancellation at Virgo will require a relatively large number of seismometers per test mass, i.e. significantly more than 10. Moreover, observed variations of the absolute noise residuals over time, related to the daily evolution of anthropogenic noise, suggest that the Wiener filter will need to be updated regularly, probably more often than every hour, to achieve stationarity of the background level after subtraction.

References in corpus (7)

• Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
• Characterization of the LIGO detectors during their sixth science run
• Subtraction of Newtonian Noise Using Optimized Sensor Arrays
• Low-Frequency Terrestrial Gravitational-Wave Detectors
• Terrestrial Gravity Fluctuations
• Impact of infrasound atmospheric noise on gravity detectors used for astrophysical and geophysical applications
• Implications of dedicated seismometer measurements on Newtonian-noise cancellation for Advanced LIGO

Cited by in corpus (11)

• Lunar Gravitational-Wave Antenna
• Machine learning for gravitational-wave detection: surrogate Wiener filtering for the prediction and optimized cancellation of Newtonian noise at Virgo
• Stochastic gravitational wave background: methods and Implications
• Observation of a potential future sensitivity limitation from ground motion at LIGO Hanford
• The KAGRA underground environment and lessons for the Einstein Telescope
• A lower limit for Newtonian-noise models of the Einstein Telescope
• Correlated 0.01Hz-40Hz seismic and Newtonian noise and its impact on future gravitational-wave detectors
• Joint Optimization of seismometer arrays for the cancellation of Newtonian noise from seismic body waves in the Einstein Telescope
• Characterization of the seismic field at Virgo and improved estimates of Newtonian-noise suppression by recesses
• Impact of correlated seismic and correlated Newtonian noise on the Einstein Telescope
• True and apparent motion of optomechanical resonators, with applications to feedback cooling of gravitational wave detector test masses