Robust spin and charge excitations throughout high-$T_c$-cuprate phase diagram from incipient Mottness

Abstract

The generic phase diagram of lightly hole-doped high-$T_c$-cuprates hosts antiferromagnetic insulating phase with well-defined spin-wave excitations. Contrary to the weak-coupling prediction, these modes persist up to the overdoped metallic regime as intense and dispersive paramagnons. Here we report on our study of the low-energy magnetic and charge excitations within the extended Hubbard model at strong-coupling, using a modified $1/N$ expansion method with a variational state serving as the saddle point solution. Despite clear separation of magnetic and Hubbard-$U$ energy scales, we find that incipient Mottness affects qualitatively dispersions and widths of magnetic modes throughout entire phase diagram. The obtained magnetic and charge dynamical structure factors agree semi-quantitatively with recent resonant $X$-ray and neutron scattering data for $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{2-x}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_x\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_4$ and $(\mathrm{Bi},\mathrm{Pb}{)}_2(\mathrm{Sr},\mathrm{La}{)}_2\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{6+\delta }$ at all available doping levels. The weak-coupling random-phase-approximation fails already for underdoped samples, pointing to the non-trivial intertwining of distinct energy scales in cuprate superconductors. The existence of a discrete charge mode which splits off the electron-hole continuum is also predicted.

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