Wireless Communications with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Path Loss Modeling and Experimental Measurement
arXiv:1911.05326 · doi:10.1109/TWC.2020.3024887
Abstract
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) comprised of tunable unit cells have recently drawn significant attention due to their superior capability in manipulating electromagnetic waves. In particular, RIS-assisted wireless communications have the great potential to achieve significant performance improvement and coverage enhancement in a cost-effective and energy-efficient manner, by properly programming the reflection coefficients of the unit cells of RISs. In this paper, free-space path loss models for RIS-assisted wireless communications are developed for different scenarios by studying the physics and electromagnetic nature of RISs. The proposed models, which are first validated through extensive simulation results, reveal the relationships between the free-space path loss of RIS-assisted wireless communications and the distances from the transmitter/receiver to the RIS, the size of the RIS, the near-field/far-field effects of the RIS, and the radiation patterns of antennas and unit cells. In addition, three fabricated RISs (metasurfaces) are utilized to further corroborate the theoretical findings through experimental measurements conducted in a microwave anechoic chamber. The measurement results match well with the modeling results, thus validating the proposed free-space path loss models for RIS, which may pave the way for further theoretical studies and practical applications in this field.
arXiv commentAccepted by IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. On the Path Loss of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-Assisted Wireless Communications: Modeling and Experimental Assessment
References in corpus (9)
- Beyond Massive-MIMO: The Potential of Data-Transmission with Large Intelligent Surfaces
- Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Enhanced OFDM: Channel Estimation and Reflection Optimization
- Combating the Distance Problem in the Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Frequency Bands
- Wireless Communications with Programmable Metasurface: New Paradigms, Opportunities, and Challenges on Transceiver Design
- Secure Wireless Communication via Intelligent Reflecting Surface
- Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided MIMO Broadcasting for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer
- Wireless Communications with Programmable Metasurface: Transceiver Design and Experimental Results
- Programmable Metasurface-based RF Chain-free 8PSK Wireless Transmitter
- Enabling Large Intelligent Surfaces with Compressive Sensing and Deep Learning
Cited by in corpus (158)
- An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for RIS/IRS-aided Wireless Systems
- Channel Estimation for RIS-Empowered Multi-User MISO Wireless Communications
- Near-Field Communications: A Tutorial Review
- RIS-Aided Wireless Communications: Prototyping, Adaptive Beamforming, and Indoor/Outdoor Field Trials
- Power Scaling Laws and Near-Field Behaviors of Massive MIMO and Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces
- Path Loss in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Channels
- Path Loss Modeling and Measurements for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in the Millimeter-Wave Frequency Band
- Terahertz Massive MIMO with Holographic Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
- Modeling and Architecture Design of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Using Scattering Parameter Network Analysis
- Foundations of MIMO Radar Detection Aided by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
- A Path to Smart Radio Environments: An Industrial Viewpoint on Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Rich Scattering Wireless Communications: Recent Experiments, Challenges, and Opportunities
- Joint Deployment and Multiple Access Design for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Networks
- Improving Physical Layer Security for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface aided NOMA 6G Networks
- Multi-User Holographic MIMO Surfaces: Channel Modeling and Spectral Efficiency Analysis
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for N-LOS Radar Surveillance
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Doppler Effect and Multipath Fading Mitigation
- Radar Target Detection aided by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
- Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Wireless Communications: A Tutorial
- Reradiation and Scattering from a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: A General Macroscopic Model
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster
- Aerial Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enabled Terahertz Covert Communications in Beyond-5G Internet of Things
- PhysFad: Physics-Based End-to-End Channel Modeling of RIS-Parametrized Environments with Adjustable Fading
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces vs. Relaying: Differences, Similarities, and Performance Comparison
- High-Resolution Programmable Scattering for Wireless Coverage Enhancement: An Indoor Field Trial Campaign
- RIS-Enabled SISO Localization under User Mobility and Spatial-Wideband Effects
- Angle-Dependent Phase Shifter Model for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Does the Angle-Reciprocity Hold?
- A Tutorial on 5G Positioning
- Interplay between RIS and AI in Wireless Communications: Fundamentals, Architectures, Applications, and Open Research Problems
- On Channel Reciprocity in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Wireless Network
- IRS-Aided SWIPT: Joint Waveform, Active and Passive Beamforming Design Under Nonlinear Harvester Model
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G: Nine Fundamental Issues and One Critical Problem
- Bayesian User Localization and Tracking for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided MIMO Systems
- Coverage Probability Analysis of IRS-Aided Communication Systems
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Empowered MIMO Systems
- Joint Localization and Environment Sensing by Harnessing NLOS Components in RIS-aided mmWave Communication Systems
- A Joint Communication and Computation Design for Distributed RISs Assisted Probabilistic Semantic Communication in IIoT
- Joint Optimization for RIS-Assisted Wireless Communications: From Physical and Electromagnetic Perspectives
- Channel Customization for Joint Tx-RISs-Rx Design in Hybrid mmWave Systems
- Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Surface (STARS) for Terahertz Communications
- Throughput Maximization for IRS-Aided MIMO FD-WPCN with Non-Linear EH Model
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Equipped UAV in Emergency Wireless Communications: A New Fading-Shadowing Model and Performance Analysis
- Distributed Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Energy Efficient Indoor Terahertz Wireless Communications
- Statistical QoS Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-assisted D2D Communication
- Indoor and Outdoor Physical Channel Modeling and Efficient Positioning for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in mmWave Bands
- Metasurface-Programmable Wireless Network-on-Chip
- Network Coexistence Analysis of RIS-Assisted Wireless Communications
- Joint UAV Placement and IRS Phase Shift Optimization in Downlink Networks
- XR-RF Imaging Enabled by Software-Defined Metasurfaces and Machine Learning: Foundational Vision, Technologies and Challenges
- Free-Space Optical Communication With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
- Trajectory Optimization and Phase-Shift Design in IRS Assisted UAV Network for High Speed Trains
- Channel Customization for Limited Feedback in RIS-assisted FDD Systems
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Mobile Networks: An Industry R&D Perspective
- Rank Optimization for MIMO Channel with RIS: Simulation and Measurement
- Aerial Platforms with Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces for 5G and Beyond
- Efficient Synthesis of Passively Loaded Finite Arrays for Tunable Anomalous Reflection
- Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for Beyond 5G
- Terahertz Multi-User Massive MIMO with Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Beam Training and Hybrid Beamforming
- Modeling and Measurements for Multi-path Mitigation with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
- Enabling Panoramic Full-Angle Reflection via Aerial Intelligent Reflecting Surface
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Aided Multi-Cell NOMA Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Model
- A General Framework for RIS-Aided mmWave Communication Networks: Channel Estimation and Mobile User Tracking
- Resource Allocation in Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted NOMA Systems
- Performance Comparison Between A Simple Full-Duplex Multi-Antenna Relay And A Passive Reflecting Intelligent Surface
- Communicating with Extremely Large-Scale Array/Surface: Unified Modelling and Performance Analysis
- UAV-Assisted and Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Supported Terahertz Communications
- Intelligent Omni-Surface: Ubiquitous Wireless Transmission by Reflective-Transmissive Metasurface
- Towards Real-World Indoor Smart Electromagnetic Environments -- A Large-Scale Experimental Demonstration
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enhanced OFDM Communications via Delay Adjustable Metasurface
- Fair Beam Allocations through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
- Aerial Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Joint Placement and Passive Beamforming Design with 3D Beam Flattening
- Modeling RIS from Electromagnetic Principles to Communication Systems--Part I: Synthesis and Characterization of a Scalable Anomalous Reflector
- Sum-Rate Maximization for IRS-Assisted UAV OFDMA Communication Systems
- UAV-Assisted Intelligent Reflecting Surface Symbiotic Radio System
- Energy-Aware Task Offloading for Rotatable STAR-RIS-Enhanced Mobile Edge Computing Systems
- A Novel Physics-based Channel Model for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-assisted Multi-user Communication Systems
- Beamforming Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Single-User MIMO Systems: SNR Distribution and Scaling Laws in the Presence of Channel Fading and Phase Noise
- Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Joint Processing Coordinated Multipoint Transmission
- Designing Wireless Powered Networks assisted by Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces with Mechanical Tilt
- A Novel NOMA Solution with RIS Partitioning
- Rapidly time-varying reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for downlink multiuser transmissions
- Channel Estimation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Full-Duplex MIMO with Hardware Impairments
- Integrated Sensing and Communication with Multi-Domain Cooperation
- Resource Allocation for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Wireless Powered Mobile Edge Computing in OFDM Systems
- RISAR: RIS-assisted Human Activity Recognition with Commercial Wi-Fi Devices
- MetaLocalization: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Multi-user Wireless Indoor Localization
- Power Efficient IRS-Assisted NOMA
- Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: Sum-Rate Optimization Based on Statistical CSI
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces based RF Sensing: Design, Optimization, and Implementation
- Robust Design for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted MIMO-OFDMA Terahertz Communications
- Joint Hardware Design and Capacity Analysis for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enabled Terahertz MIMO Communications
- Impact of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Geometry on Communication Performance
- Joint Optimization of Beamforming, Phase-Shifting and Power Allocation in a Multi-cluster IRS-NOMA Network
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Reflection Pattern Modulation: Beamforming Design and Performance Analysis
- Enhancing NLoS RIS-Aided Localization with Optimization and Machine Learning
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Design the Channel -- a New Opportunity for Future Wireless Networks
- Localization-based OFDM framework for RIS-aided systems
- Electromagnetic Model of Reflective Intelligent Surfaces
- Multi-user passive beamforming in RIS-aided communications and experimental validations
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Enabled Federated Learning: A Unified Communication-Learning Design Approach
- Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Multiple Access Over Fading Channels
- Beamforming Design with Partial Channel Estimation and Feedback for FDD RIS-Assisted Systems
- Fast Transition-Aware Reconfiguration of Liquid Crystal-based RISs
- Near-Field Multipath MIMO Channel Model for Imperfect Surface Reflection
- Nanoscale Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Design and Performance Analysis for Terahertz Communications
- Two-Timescale Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Massive MIMO Systems with Imperfect CSI
- Macroscopic Modeling of Anomalously Reflecting Metasurfaces: Angular Response and Far-Field Scattering
- Communication and Localization with Extremely Large Lens Antenna Array
- Securing NOMA Networks by Exploiting Intelligent Reflecting Surface
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Future Wireless Networks: A Channel Modeling Perspective
- Efficient and Physically-Consistent Modeling of Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Structures
- Channel Estimation and Transmission for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted THz Communications
- MetaRadar: Indoor Localization by Reconfigurable Metamaterials
- Energy-Efficient RIS-Assisted Satellites for IoT Networks
- Wireless 2.0: Towards an Intelligent Radio Environment Empowered by Reconfigurable Meta-Surfaces and Artificial Intelligence
- Adaptive Bit Partitioning for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted FDD Systems with Limited Feedback
- MIMO Detection for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Millimeter Wave Systems
- Design and Implementation of MIMO Transmission Based on Dual-Polarized Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
- Physical Layer Security Enhancement With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Networks
- Optimization of RIS Configurations for Multiple-RIS-Aided mmWave Positioning Systems based on CRLB Analysis
- Wireless Environmental Information Theory: A New Paradigm towards 6G Online and Proactive Environment Intelligence Communication
- Hierarchical Passive Beamforming for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Communications
- Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Bistatic Backscatter Networks: Joint Beamforming and Reflection Design
- Diagnosis of Intelligent Reflecting Surface in Millimeter-wave Communication Systems
- Performance Analysis of Distributed Intelligent Reflective Surfaces for Wireless Communications
- Integrated Communication and Localization in mmWave Systems
- Blocking Probability in Obstructed Tunnels with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
- Large System Achievable Rate Analysis of RIS-Assisted MIMO Wireless Communication with Statistical CSIT
- Mutual Coupling and Unit Cell Aware Optimization for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
- Age of Information Optimization in a RIS-Assisted Wireless Network
- Joint Channel Estimation and Signal Recovery in RIS-Assisted Multi-User MISO Communications
- Coverage Probability and Energy Efficiency of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted mmWave Networks
- Battery Recharging Time Models for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Parallel Factor Decomposition Channel Estimation in RIS-Assisted Multi-User MISO Communication
- Enhanced Secrecy Rate Maximization for Directional Modulation Networks via IRS
- A Received Power Model for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface and Measurement-based Validations
- MetaSensing: Intelligent Metasurface Assisted RF 3D Sensing by Deep Reinforcement Learning
- Joint Ultra-wideband Characterization of Azimuth, Elevation and Time of Arrival with Toric Arrays
- Enhancing V2X Communications with UAV-mounted Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
- CSIT-Free Model Aggregation for Federated Edge Learning via Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
- Fast Beam Training and Alignment for IRS-Assisted Millimeter Wave/Terahertz Systems
- Low-Power Double RIS-Assisted Mobile LEO Satellite Communications
- RISMA: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Enabling Beamforming for IoT Massive Access
- DOPAMINE: Doppler frequency and Angle of arrival MINimization of tracking Error for extended reality
- Navigation of a UAV Equipped with a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for LoS Wireless Communication with a Ground Vehicle
- MetaSketch: Wireless Semantic Segmentation by Metamaterial Surfaces
- A Promising Technology for 6G Wireless Networks: Intelligent Reflecting Surface
- Radar Sensing using Dual-Beam Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
- The Optimal Pilot Power Allocation Strategy for Multi-IRS Assisted Communication Systems
- Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enhanced Satellite Networks: Deployment Strategies, Key Capabilities, Practical Solutions, and Future Directions
- Liquid Crystal-Based RIS Loss-Trade-Off Analysis
- Wireless Communication with Extremely Large-Scale Intelligent Reflecting Surface
- Joint Phase Shift Optimization and Precoder Selection for RIS-Assisted 5G NR MIMO Systems
- A 3D Non-Stationary Channel Model for 6G Wireless Systems Employing Intelligent Reflecting Surface
- A 3D Non-Stationary Channel Model for 6G Wireless Systems Employing Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces with Practical Phase Shifts
- RIS-Aided Mobile Network Design
- Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Wideband THz Communications: Modeling and Analysis
- Wireless Indoor Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface