Weak-to-strong transition of quantum measurement in a trapped-ion system

Abstract

Quantum measurement remains a puzzle through its stormy history from the birth of quantum mechanics to state-of-the-art quantum technologies. Two complementary measurement schemes have been widely investigated in a variety of quantum systems: von Neumann's projective 'strong' measurement and Aharonov's weak measurement. Here, we report the observation of a weak-to-strong measurement transition in a single trapped $40C{a}^{+}$ ion system. The transition is realized by tuning the interaction strength between the ion's internal electronic state and its vibrational motion, which play the roles of the measured system and the measuring pointer, respectively. By pre- and post-selecting the internal state, a pointer state composed of two of the ion's motional wavepackets is obtained, and its central-position shift, which corresponds to the measurement outcome, demonstrates the transition from the weak-value asymptotes to the expected-value asymptotes. Quantitatively, the weak-to-strong measurement transition is characterized by a universal transition factor $e^{-{\Gamma }^2}$, where $\Gamma$ is a dimensionless parameter related to the system-apparatus coupling. This transition, which continuously connects weak measurements and strong measurements, may open new experimental possibilities to test quantum foundations and prompt us to re-examine and improve the measurement schemes of related quantum technologies.

arXiv comment6 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Nature Physics

References in corpus (27)

• Quantum computing with trapped ions
• Ultrasensitive Beam Deflection Measurement via Interferometric Weak Value Amplification
• Experimental joint weak measurement on a photon pair as a probe of Hardy's Paradox
• Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality in time with weak measurement
• A quantum information processor with trapped ions
• Nonperturbative theory of weak pre- and post-selected measurements
• Technical advantages for weak value amplification: When less is more
• Revisiting Hardy's Paradox: Counterfactual Statements, Real Measurements, Entanglement and Weak Values
• Anomalous Weak Values Are Proofs of Contextuality
• Experimental Violation of Two-Party Leggett-Garg Inequalities with Semi-weak Measurements
• Multiple Observers Can Share the Nonlocality of Half of an Entangled Pair by Using Optimal Weak Measurements
• Observation of a quantum Cheshire Cat in a matter wave interferometer experiment
• Weak Value Amplification Can Outperform Conventional Measurement in the Presence of Detector Saturation
• Weak value beyond conditional expectation value of the pointer readings
• Optimal Probe Wavefunction of Weak-Value Amplification
• Strange Weak Values
• Experiment Investigating the Connection between Weak Values and Contextuality
• Universality of local weak interactions and its application for interferometric alignment
• Demonstration of Weak Measurement Based on Atomic Spontaneous Emission
• Weak measurement: Effect of the detector dynamics
• Anomalous Weak Values and the Violation of a Multiple-measurement Leggett-Garg Inequality
• Weak and semiweak values in non-ideal spin measurements: an exact treatment beyond the asymptotic regime
• Investigating the Effects of the Interaction Intensity in a Weak Measurement
• Scheme and Experimental Demonstration of Fully Atomic Weak Value Amplification
• Anomalous Weak Values Emerging from Strong Interactions between Light and Matter
• Amplification limit of weak measurements: a variational approach
• On the Power of Weak Measurements in Separating Quantum States

Cited by in corpus (32)

• Time Series Quantum Reservoir Computing with Weak and Projective Measurements
• Experimental investigation of a quantum heat engine powered by generalized measurements
• Geometric phases and the Sagnac effect: Foundational aspects and sensing applications
• Non-Abelian transport distinguishes three usually equivalent notions of entropy production
• Exploring quantum thermodynamics with NMR
• Two-time weak measurement protocol for ergotropy protection in open quantum batteries
• Progress and Perspectives on Weak-value Amplification
• Wigner function for noninteracting fermions in hard wall potentials
• Demonstration of the quantum principle of least action with single photons
• Influence of squeezing on the weak-to-strong measurement transition
• All-optical quantum simulation of ultrastrong optomechanics
• Protective Measurement -- a new quantum measurement paradigm: detailed description of the first realisation
• Single-photon-added coherent state based measurement transition and its advantages in precision measurement
• Enhancement of nonclassical properties of two-mode squeezed vacuum state with postselected von Neumann measurement
• General approach of weak-to-strong measurement transition for Fock-state-based pointer states
• High-dimensional monitoring and the emergence of realism via multiple observers
• Steady state phonon occupation of EIT cooling: higher order calculations
• Generation of entanglement via squeezing on a tripartite-optomechanical system
• Studying the squeezing effect and phase space distribution of single-photon-added coherent state using postselected von Neumann measurement
• Postselected amplification applied to Mach-Zehnder-interferometer for phase shift measurement of optical coherent states
• Recovering quantum entanglement after its certification
• Five and three quantum dot systems as apparatuses for measuring energy-levels
• Fast Laser Cooling Using Optimal Quantum Control
• Increase the Efficiency of Post-selection in Direct Measurement of Quantum Wave Function
• Theoretical investigation of the relations between quantum decoherence and weak-to-strong measurement transition
• Single-Photon-Subtracted-Squeezed-Vacuum-State Based Postselected Weak Measurement and its Applications
• Amplitude-squared squeezing of Schrödinger cat states via Postselected von Neumann Measurement
• Investigation of the Effect of Quantum Measurement on Parity-Time Symmetry
• Characterizing entangled state update in different reference frames with weak measurements
• Quantum backaction effects in sequential measurements
• Superoscillating Quantum Control Induced By Sequential Selections
• Weak-valued correlation functions: Insights and precise readout strategies