Emergence of the Unconventional Type-II Nambu-Goldstone Modes with Topological Origin in Bose Superfluids
arXiv:1910.10072 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.260402
Abstract
The Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes in a nonrelativistic system can be classified into two types from their characteristic features: being of either an odd (type I) or an even (type II) power energy-momentum dispersion. Conventionally, the type-II NG modes may universally arise from spontaneous breaking of noncommutative symmetry pairs. Here, we predict a novel type of quadratically dispersed NG modes that emerges in mixed and band Bose superfluids in an optical lattice and, unlike the conventional type-II NG modes, cannot be solely interpreted with the celebrated symmetry-based argument. Instead, we show that the existence of such modes has a profound connection to the topological transition on projective complex order-parameter space. The detection scheme is also proposed. Our Letter reveals a new universal mechanism for emergence of type-II NG modes, which bridges intrinsically the Landau symmetry-breaking and topological theories.
arXiv comment5+9 pages, 4 figures
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