Chemical abundances along the 1G sequence of the chromosome maps: The Globular Cluster NGC 3201

Abstract

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters (GCs) has investigated multiple stellar populations by means of the "chromosome map" (ChM) diagnostic tool that maximises the separation between stars with different chemical composition. One of the most challenging features revealed by ChMs analysis is the apparent inhomogeneity among stars belonging to the first population, a phenomenon largely attributed to He variations. However, this explanation is not supported by the uniformity in p-capture elements of these stars. The HST survey has revealed that the GC NGC 3201 shows an exceptionally wide coverage in the Delta(F275W,F814W) parameter of the ChM. We present a chemical abundance analysis of 24 elements in 18 giants belonging to the first population of this GC, and having a wide range in Delta(F275W,F814W). As far as the p-capture elements are concerned, the chemical abundances are typical of 1G stars, as expected from the location of our targets in the ChM. Based on radial velocities and chemical abundances arguments, we find that the three stars with the lowest Delta(F275W,F814W) values are binary candidates. This suggests that, at least those stars could be explained with binarity. These results are consistent with evidence inferred from multi-band photometry that evolved blue stragglers populate the bluest part of the 1G sequence in the ChM. The remaining 15 spectroscopic targets show a small range in the overall metallicity by ~0.10 dex, with stars at higher Delta(F275W,F814W) values having higher absolute abundances. We suggest that a small variation in metals and binarity govern the color spread of the 1G in the ChM, and that evolved blue stragglers contribute to the bluest tail of the 1G sequence.

24 pages, 12 figures, 8 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Simulations of globular clusters within their parent galaxies: Metallicity spreads and anomalous precursor populations
• The chemical compositions of multiple stellar populations in the globular cluster NGC 2808
• A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE. Metallicity spread and dispersion among first-population stars
• A JWST project on 47 Tucanae. Binaries among multiple populations
• Signature of a chemical spread in the open cluster M37
• Constraining the original composition of the gas forming first-generation stars in globular clusters
• The Formation of Globular Clusters as a Case of Overcooling