Device-independent verification of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering

Abstract

Entanglement lies at the heart of quantum mechanics, and has been identified an essential resource for diverse applications in quantum information. If entanglement could be verified without any trust in the devices of observers, i.e., in a device-independent (DI) way, then unconditional security can be guaranteed for various quantum information tasks. In this work, we propose an experimental-friendly DI protocol to certify the presence of entanglement, based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering. We first establish the DI verification framework, relying on the measurement-device-independent technique and self-testing, and show it is able to verify all EPR-steerable states. In the context of three-measurement settings as per party, it is found to be noise robustness towards inefficient measurements and imperfect self-testing. Finally, a four-photon experiment is implemented to device-independently verify EPR-steering even for Bell local states. Our work paves the way for realistic implementations of secure quantum information tasks.

Experiments are rerun to collect more data to do tomography and the text is significantly refined; Comments are still welcome

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Self-testing of any pure entangled state with minimal number of measurements and optimal randomness certification in one-sided device-independent scenario
• Deep learning the hierarchy of steering measurement settings of qubit-pair states
• Steering nonlocality in high-speed telecommunication system without detection loophole
• Experimental certification of ensembles of high-dimensional quantum states with independent quantum devices