Cross-Platform Verification of Intermediate Scale Quantum Devices

Abstract

We describe a protocol for cross-platform verification of quantum simulators and quantum computers. We show how to measure directly the overlap $\text{Tr}\left[{\rho }_1{\rho }_2\right]$ and the purities $\text{Tr}\left[{\rho }_{1,2}^2\right]$, and thus a fidelity of two possibly mixed quantum states ${\rho }_1$ and ${\rho }_2$ prepared in separate experimental platforms. We require only local measurements in randomized product bases, which are communicated classically. As a proof-of-principle, we present the measurement of experiment-theory fidelities for entangled $10$-qubit quantum states in a trapped ion quantum simulator.

Published Version

References in corpus (32)

• Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond
• Scalable multi-particle entanglement of trapped ions
• Measuring entanglement entropy through the interference of quantum many-body twins
• Quantum state tomography via compressed sensing
• Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Gates
• Many-body quantum state tomography with neural networks
• Exact and Approximate Unitary 2-Designs: Constructions and Applications
• Probing entanglement entropy via randomized measurements
• Experimental Comparison of Two Quantum Computing Architectures
• Scalable Noise Estimation with Random Unitary Operators
• Direct Fidelity Estimation from Few Pauli Measurements
• Chaos and complexity by design
• Measuring entanglement growth in quench dynamics of bosons in an optical lattice
• Evenly distributed unitaries: on the structure of unitary designs
• Practical characterization of quantum devices without tomography
• Out-of-Time-Order Correlation for Many-Body Localization
• Symmetrised Characterisation of Noisy Quantum Processes
• Rényi Entropies from Random Quenches in Atomic Hubbard and Spin Models
• Efficient tomography of a quantum many-body system
• Out-of-time-ordered correlators in many-body localized systems
• Quantum fidelity measures for mixed states
• Statistical correlations between locally randomized measurements: a toolbox for probing entanglement in many-body quantum states
• Out-of-time-order correlations in many-body localized and thermal phases
• The power of random measurements: measuring Tr(ρ^n) on single copies of ρ
• Experimental quantum compressed sensing for a seven-qubit system
• Measuring the Renyi entropy of a two-site Fermi-Hubbard model on a trapped ion quantum computer
• Unitary $n$-designs via random quenches in atomic Hubbard and Spin models: Application to the measurement of Rényi entropies
• Probing scrambling using statistical correlations between randomized measurements
• Efficient unitary designs with nearly time-independent Hamiltonian dynamics
• Experimental Estimation of Average Fidelity of a Clifford Gate on a 7-qubit Quantum Processor
• Loschmidt Echo in Many-Body Localized Phase
• Joint Quantum-State and Measurement Tomography with Incomplete Measurements

Cited by in corpus (105)

• Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms
• The randomized measurement toolbox
• Quantum simulation and computing with Rydberg-interacting qubits
• Quantum certification and benchmarking
• Mixed-state entanglement from local randomized measurements
• Quantum information scrambling in a trapped-ion quantum simulator with tunable range interactions
• Preparing random states and benchmarking with many-body quantum chaos
• Entanglement Hamiltonian Tomography in Quantum Simulation
• Measuring magic on a quantum processor
• Quantum Krylov subspace algorithms for ground and excited state energy estimation
• Emergent quantum state designs from individual many-body wavefunctions
• Single-copies estimation of entanglement negativity
• Simple Mitigation of Global Depolarizing Errors in Quantum Simulations
• Symmetry-resolved dynamical purification in synthetic quantum matter
• Recent advances for quantum classifiers
• Many-body topological invariants from randomized measurements
• Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives of Quantum Verification
• Exploring Large-Scale Entanglement in Quantum Simulation
• Quantum Fisher information from randomized measurements
• Probing many-body quantum chaos with quantum simulators
• Entanglement barrier and its symmetry resolution: theory and experiment
• Benchmarking quantum computers
• Efficient Tensor Network ansatz for high-dimensional quantum many-body problems
• Nonstabilizerness determining the hardness of direct fidelity estimation
• Entanglement Hamiltonians: from field theory, to lattice models and experiments
• Experimental estimation of the quantum Fisher information from randomized measurements
• Shadow Distillation: Quantum Error Mitigation with Classical Shadows for Near-Term Quantum Processors
• Quantum machine learning of large datasets using randomized measurements
• Benchmarking highly entangled states on a 60-atom analog quantum simulator
• Bounds on the entanglement entropy by the number entropy in non-interacting fermionic systems
• Quantum scrambling with classical shadows
• Monitoring Quantum Simulators via Quantum Non-Demolition Couplings to Atomic Clock Qubits
• Cross-Platform Comparison of Arbitrary Quantum Computations
• Importance sampling of randomized measurements for probing entanglement
• Benchmarking Quantum Simulators using Ergodic Quantum Dynamics
• Characterizing entanglement dimensionality from randomized measurements
• Work fluctuations and entanglement in quantum batteries
• Probing many-body localization by excited-state VQE
• Small, Highly Accurate Quantum Processor for Intermediate-Depth Quantum Simulations
• Analysing quantum systems with randomised measurements
• Flexible learning of quantum states with generative query neural networks
• Observation of Non-Markovian Spin Dynamics in a Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard Model using a Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulator
• Entanglement characterization using quantum designs
• Efficient Quantum State Sample Tomography with Basis-dependent Neural-networks
• Quantum Capsule Networks
• Distributed quantum inner product estimation
• Hamiltonian operator approximation for energy measurement and ground state preparation
• Robust estimation of the Quantum Fisher Information on a quantum processor
• Complete characterization of quantum correlations by randomized measurements
• Estimating expectation values using approximate quantum states
• Characterizing correlation within multipartite quantum systems via local randomized measurements
• Demonstration of Robust and Efficient Quantum Property Learning with Shallow Shadows
• A randomized measurement toolbox for an interacting Rydberg-atom quantum simulator
• Statistically significant tests of multiparticle quantum correlations based on randomized measurements
• Entanglement estimation in tensor network states via sampling
• Enhanced estimation of quantum properties with common randomized measurements
• A Variational Approach to the Quantum Separability Problem
• Efficient Characterizations of Multiphoton States with an Ultra-thin Optical Device
• Collective randomized measurements in quantum information processing
• Fermionic correlation functions from randomized measurements in programmable atomic quantum devices
• Practical verification protocols for analog quantum simulators
• Many-body entropies and entanglement from polynomially-many local measurements
• Wave function network description and Kolmogorov complexity of quantum many-body systems
• Neural-Shadow Quantum State Tomography
• Entanglement Transition and Replica Wormhole in the Dissipative Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model
• Krylov shadow tomography: Efficient estimation of quantum Fisher information
• Variational quantum state preparation via quantum data buses
• Assessing non-Markovian dynamics through moments of the Choi state
• Cross-verification of independent quantum devices
• A Moment for Random Measurements
• Quantum Similarity Testing with Convolutional Neural Networks
• Quantum one-time tables for unconditionally secure qubit-commitment
• Accelerating quantum imaginary-time evolution with random measurements
• Efficient distributed inner product estimation via Pauli sampling
• Error estimation in current noisy quantum computers
• Cross-Platform Verification in Quantum Networks
• Benchmarking bosonic modes for quantum information with randomized displacements
• Quantifying multiparticle entanglement with randomized measurements
• A protocol to characterize errors in quantum simulation of many-body physics
• Quantum simulating continuum field theories with large-spin lattice models
• Lightweight Detection of a Small Number of Large Errors in a Quantum Circuit
• Cross-Platform Comparison of Arbitrary Quantum Processes
• Experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systems
• Real randomized measurements for analyzing properties of quantum states
• Quantum eigenstate broadcasting assisted by a coherent link
• Learning unitaries with quantum statistical queries
• Symmetry verification for noisy quantum simulations of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories
• Resource-Efficient Cross-Platform Verification with Modular Superconducting Devices
• Efficiently verifiable quantum advantage on near-term analog quantum simulators
• How to engineer a quantum wavefunction
• Gaining confidence on the correct realization of arbitrary quantum computations
• Counting collisions in random circuit sampling for benchmarking quantum computers
• Holographic Classical Shadow Tomography
• Highly-entangled, highly-doped states that are efficiently cross-device verifiable
• Efficient Eigenstate Preparation in an Integrable Model with Hilbert Space Fragmentation
• Quantum fidelity kernel with a trapped-ion simulation platform
• Adaptive random compiler for Hamiltonian simulation
• Robustness of random-control quantum-state tomography
• Artificial intelligence for representing and characterizing quantum systems
• Phonon Number Measurement Using Optimal Composite Pulses
• Sampling and the complexity of nature
• Classification of quantum states of light using random measurements through a multimode fiber
• Scalable protocol to coherence estimation from scarce data: Theory and experiment
• Informationally Complete Distributed Metrology Without a Shared Reference Frame
• Learning mixed quantum states in large-scale experiments