The supernova remnant population of the Small Magellanic Cloud

Abstract

Aims: We present a comprehensive study of the supernova remnant (SNR) population of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We measure multiwavelength properties of the SMC SNRs and compare them to those of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) population. Methods: This study combines the large dataset of XMM-Newton observations of the SMC, archival and recent radio continuum observations, an optical line emission survey, and new optical spectroscopic observations. We can thus build a complete and clean sample of 19 confirmed and 4 candidate SNRs. The homogeneous X-ray spectral analysis allows to search for SN ejecta and Fe K line emission, and to measure interstellar medium (ISM) abundances. We estimate the ratio of core-collapse to type Ia supernova rates of the SMC based on the X-ray properties and the local stellar environment of each SNR. Results : After the removal of unconfirmed or misclassified objects, and the addition of two newly confirmed SNRs based on multi-wavelength features, we present a final list of 21 confirmed SNRs and 2 candidates. While no Fe K line is detected even for the brightest and youngest SNR, we find X-ray evidence of SN ejecta in 11 SNRs. We estimate a ratio of 4.7${}_{-1.9}^{+0.6}$ core-collapse supernova to every type Ia SN, three times higher than in the LMC. The difference can be ascribed to the absence of the enhanced star formation episode in the SMC, which occurred in the LMC 0.5-1.5 Gyr ago. The hot-gas abundances of O, Ne, Mg, and Fe are 0.1-0.2 times solar. Their ratios with respect to SMC stellar abundances reflect the effects of dust depletion and partial dust destruction in SNR shocks. We find evidence that the ambient medium probed by SMC SNRs is less disturbed and less dense on average than in the LMC, consistent with the different morphologies of the two galaxies.

Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics. 29 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables; 3 additional tables and 9 figures in Appendices

References in corpus (27)

• A distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud that is precise to one per cent
• Neutron Star Mergers and Nucleosynthesis of Heavy Elements
• The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: constraints on stellar evolution from the chemical compositions of rapidly rotating Galactic and Magellanic Cloud B-type stars
• The Spitzer Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud: FIR Emission and Cold Gas in the SMC
• Discriminating the Progenitor Type of Supernova Remnants with Iron K-Shell Emission
• Destruction of Interstellar Dust in Evolving Supernova Remnant Shock Waves
• The VMC Survey - XIV. First results on the look-back time star-formation rate tomography of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Dust Destruction in Fast Shocks of Core-Collapse Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Dust Destruction in Type Ia Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• SNR 1E 0102.2-7219 as an X-ray Calibration Standard in the 0.5-1.0 keV Bandpass and Its Application to the CCD Instruments aboard Chandra, Suzaku, Swift and XMM-Newton
• Dense, Fe-rich Ejecta in Supernova Remnants DEM L238 and DEM L249: A New Class of Type Ia Supernova?
• A Deep Chandra ACIS Survey of M83
• New XMM-Newton observations of SNRs in the SMC
• Newly confirmed and high quality candidate Galactic SNRs uncovered from the AAO/UKST HAlpha survey
• Optical Structure and Proper-Motion Age of the Oxygen-rich Supernova Remnant 1E 0102-7219 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• 20 cm VLA Radio-Continuum Study of M31 - Images and Point Source Catalogues DR2: Extraction of a supernova remnant sample
• Supernova Remnants in M33: X-ray Properties as Observed by XMM-Newton
• The ASKAP-EMU Early Science Project:Radio Continuum Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The synthesis of Ti44 and Ni56 in massive stars
• Discovery of a putative supernova remnant around the long-period X-ray pulsar SXP 1323 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• HFPK 334: An unusual Supernova Remnant in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The Expansion of the Forward Shock of 1E 0102.2-7219 in X-rays
• Discovery of a Pulsar-powered Bow Shock Nebula in the Small Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant DEMS5
• Targeted search for young radio pulsars in the SMC: Discovery of two new pulsars
• Fe K and ejecta emission in SNR G15.9+0.2 with XMM-Newton
• Radio-Continuum Study of the Nearby Sculptor Group Galaxies. Part 3: NGC 7793 at lambda=12.2, 6 and 3 cm
• 20-CM radio-continuum study of the SMC: Part III - Compact HII Regions

Cited by in corpus (31)

• The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey I: Design and First Results
• On the rate of core collapse supernovae in the Milky Way
• Testing Physical Models for Cosmic Ray Transport Coefficients on Galactic Scales: Self-Confinement and Extrinsic Turbulence at GeV Energies
• Unexpected Circular Radio Objects at High Galactic Latitude
• Mysterious Odd Radio Circle near the Large Magellanic Cloud -- An Intergalactic Supernova Remnant?
• New Optically Identified Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• An absence of binary companions to Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: implications for mass loss and black hole masses at low metallicity
• An Unbiased CO Survey Toward the Northern Region of the Small Magellanic Cloud with the Atacama Compact Array. I. Overview: CO Cloud Distributions
• XMMU J050722.1-684758: Discovery of a new Be X-ray binary pulsar likely associated with the supernova remnant MCSNR J0507-6847
• SRG/eROSITA discovery of a radio faint X-ray candidate supernova remnant SRGe J003602.3+605421=G121.1-1.9
• Role of Thermal and Non-thermal Processes in the ISM of Magellanic Clouds
• Spatially Resolved Chandra Spectroscopy of the Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant N132D
• Discovery of $\sim$2200 new supernova remnants in 19 nearby star-forming galaxies with MUSE spectroscopy
• Cool, Luminous, and Highly Variable Stars in the Magellanic Clouds. II: Spectroscopic and Environmental Analysis of Thorne-Żytkow Object and Super-AGB Star Candidates
• Exploration of Aspherical Ejecta Properties in Type Ia Supernova: Progenitor Dependence and Applications to Progenitor Classification
• New ASKAP Radio Supernova Remnants and Candidates in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Physical Properties of the Supernova Remnant Population in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The TRAPUM Small Magellanic Cloud pulsar survey with MeerKAT: I. Discovery of seven new pulsars and two Pulsar Wind Nebula associations
• Radio Continuum Sources behind the Large Magellanic Cloud
• ATCA Study of Small Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2-7219
• Spitzer and Herschel studies of dust in supernova remnants in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Turbulence in compact to giant H II regions
• An Exploration of X-ray Supernova Remnants in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies
• Discovery of 20 UV Emitting SNRs in M31 with UVIT
• TRAPUM upper limits on pulsed radio emission for SMC X-ray pulsar J0058-7218
• TRAPUM pulsar and transient search in the Sextans A and B galaxies and discovery of background FRB 20210924D
• The TRAPUM Small Magellanic Cloud pulsar survey with MeerKAT -- II. Nine new radio timing solutions and glitches from young pulsars
• Dependence of pulsation mode of Cepheids on metallicity
• New X-ray Supernova Remnants in NGC 7793
• Rare events of a peculiar thermonuclear supernova that precedes a core collapse supernova
• Losing a minute every two years: SRG X-ray view on the rapidly accelerating X-ray pulsar SXP1323