Four-wave Mixing of Topological Edge Plasmons in Graphene Metasurfaces

Abstract

We study topologically-protected four-wave mixing (FWM) interactions in a plasmonic metasurface consisting of a periodic array of nanoholes in a graphene sheet, which exhibits a wide topological bandgap at terahertz frequencies upon the breaking of time-reversal symmetry by a static magnetic field. We demonstrate that due to the significant nonlinearity enhancement and large lifetime of graphene plasmons in specific configurations, a net gain of FWM interaction of plasmonic edge states within the topological bandgap can be achieved with pump power of less than 10 nW. In particular, we find that the effective waveguide nonlinearity coefficient is about 1.1x10^13 1/(Wm), i.e., more than ten orders of magnitude larger than that of commonly used, highly nonlinear silicon photonic nanowires. These findings could pave a new way for developing ultra-low-power-consumption, highly-integrated and robust active photonic systems at deep-subwavelength scale for applications in quantum communications and information processing.

20 pages, 6 figures

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• Topological metasurface: From passive toward active and beyond
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• Coexistence of pseudospin- and valley-Hall-like edge states in a photonic crystal with $C_{3v}$ symmetry
• Topologically protected second-harmonic generation via doubly resonant high-order photonic modes
• Multiplexing-oriented plasmon-MoS2 hybrid metasurfaces driven by nonlinear quasi bound states in the continuum
• Optically reconfigurable quantum spin-valley Hall effect of light in coupled nonlinear ring resonator lattice
• Valley-Hall topological plasmons in a graphene nanohole plasmonic crystal waveguide
• Topological valley plasmon transport in bilayer graphene metasurfaces for sensing applications
• Tunable and Dual-broadband Giant Enhancement of SHG and THG in a Highly-engineered Graphene-Insulator-Graphene Metasurface
• Recent advances in terahertz photonic technologies based on graphene and their applications
• Topological states in disordered arrays of dielectric nanoparticles
• Enhancement of photon blockade via topological edge states
• Broadband Resonance-Enhanced Frequency Generation by Four-Wave Mixing in a Silicon Floquet Topological Photonic Insulator
• Terahertz topological plasmon polaritons for robust temperature sensing
• All-optical control of topological valley transport in graphene metasurfaces
• Optically controllable coupling between edge and topological interface modes of graphene metasurfaces
• Observation of nonlinear higher-order topological insulators with unconventional boundary truncations
• Discrete time crystal made of topological edge magnons