Event multiplicity, transverse momentum and energy dependence of charged particle production, and system thermodynamics in $pp$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

In the present work, we study the recent collision energy and multiplicity dependence of the charged particle transverse momentum spectra as measured by the ALICE collaboration in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 and 13 TeV using the non-extensive Tsallis distribution and the Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast Wave (BGBW) model. A thermodynamically consistent form of the Tsallis distribution is used to extract the kinetic freeze-out parameters from the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles at mid-rapidity. In addition, a comprehensive study of fitting range dependence of transverse momentum spectra on the freeze-out parameters is done using Tsallis statistics. The applicability of BGBW model is verified by fitting the transverse momentum spectra of the bulk part ($\sim 2.5\mathrm{GeV}/c$)for both 5.02 and 13 TeV energies and also in different multiplicity classes. The radial flow, $<\beta >$ is almost independent of collision energy and multiplicity whereas the behavior of kinetic freeze-out temperature significantly depends on multiplicity classes. It is found that the Tsallis distribution generally leads to a better description for the complete transverse momentum spectra whereas the BGBW model explains the bulk part of the system.

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• Dependence of related parameters on centrality and mass in a new treatment for transverse momentum spectra in high energy collisions
• Event-By-Event Fluctuation of Maximum Particle Density in Narrow Pseudo-Rapidity Interval at a Few AGeV/c
• Nonextensive hydrodynamics of boost-invariant plasmas
• Rapidity and Energy Dependences of Temperatures and Volume Extracted from Identified Charged Hadron Spectra in Proton-Proton Collisions at a Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS)
• Deciphering QCD dynamics in small collision systems using event shape and final state multiplicity at the Large Hadron Collider
• A three component model for hadron $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-spectra in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Multiplicity, transverse momentum and pseudorapidity dependence of open-heavy flavored hadron production in proton+proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 13 TeV using PYTHIA8