Phase-Apodized-Pupil Lyot Coronagraphs for Arbitrary Telescope Pupils

Abstract

The phase-apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph (PAPLC) is a pairing of the apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph (APLC) and the apodizing phase plate (APP) coronagraph. We describe a numerical optimization method to obtain globally-optimal solutions for the phase apodizers for arbitrary telescope pupils, based on the linear map between complex-amplitude transmission of the apodizer and the electric field in the post-coronagraphic focal plane. PAPLCs with annular focal-plane masks and point-symmetric dark zones perform analogous to their corresponding APLCs. However with a knife-edge focal-plane mask and one-sided dark zones, the PAPLC yields inner working angles as close as $1.4\lambda /D$ at contrasts of $10^{-10}$ and maximum post-coronagraphic throughput of >75% for telescope apertures with central obscurations of up to 30%. We present knife-edge PAPLC designs optimized for the VLT/SPHERE instrument and the LUVOIR-A aperture. These designs show that the knife-edge PAPLC retains its performance, even for realistic telescope pupils with struts, segments and non-circular outer edges.

arXiv comment16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Redundant apodization for direct imaging of exoplanets I: Robustness to primary mirror segmentation-induced errors outside the segment diffraction limit
• Exoplanets in reflected starlight with dual-field interferometry: A case for shorter wavelengths and a fifth Unit Telescope at VLTI/Paranal
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• Interferometric apodization by homothety -- I. Optimization of the device parameters
• Low-order wavefront control using a Zernike sensor through Lyot coronagraphs for exoplanet imaging
• Mid-order wavefront control for exoplanet imaging: preliminary characterization of the segmented deformable mirror and Zernike wavefront sensor on HiCAT