Stabilized Pair Density Wave via Nanoscale Confinement of Superfluid ${}^3$He

Abstract

Superfluid ${}^3$He under nanoscale confinement has generated significant interest due to the rich spectrum of phases with complex order parameters that may be stabilized. Experiments have uncovered a variety of interesting phenomena, but a complete picture of superfluid ${}^3$He under confinement has remained elusive. Here, we present phase diagrams of superfluid ${}^3$He under varying degrees of uniaxial confinement, over a wide range of pressures, which elucidate the progressive stability of both the $A$-phase, as well as a growing region of stable pair density wave (PDW) state.

Updated version with appendices