High-Resolution Near Infrared Spectroscopy of HD~100546: IV. Orbiting Companion Disappears on Schedule

Abstract

HD~100546 is a Herbig Ae/Be star surrounded by a disk with a large central region that is cleared of gas and dust (i.e., an inner hole). High-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy reveals a rich emission spectrum of fundamental ro-vibrational CO emission lines whose time variable properties point to the presence of an orbiting companion within the hole. The Doppler shift and spectroastrometric signal of the CO v=1-0 P26 line, observed from 2003 to 2013, are consistent with a source of excess CO emission that orbits the star near the inner rim of the disk. The properties of the excess emission are consistent with those of a circumplanetary disk. In this paper, we report follow up observations that confirm our earlier prediction that the orbiting source of excess emission would disappear behind the near side of the inner rim of the outer disk in 2017. We find that while the hotband CO lines remained unchanged in 2017, the v=1-0 P26 line and its spectroastrometric signal returned to the profile observed in 2003. With these new observations, we further constrain the origin of the emission and discuss possible ways of confirming the presence of an orbiting planetary companion in the inner disk.

15 pages, 6 figures

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• From Pebbles and Planetesimals to Planets and Dust: the Protoplanetary Disk--Debris Disk Connection
• Herbig Stars: A Quarter Century of Progress
• Constraining Protoplanetary Disk Accretion and Young Planets Using ALMA Kinematic Observations
• The Planetary Luminosity Problem: "Missing Planets" and the Observational Consequences of Episodic Accretion
• N-body simulations of planet formation via pebble accretion II. How various giant planets form
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• The Origin of the Doppler-flip in HD 100546: a large scale spiral arm generated by an inner binary companion
• Ro-vibrational Spectroscopy of CI Tau -- Evidence of a Multi-Component Eccentric Disk Induced by a Planet
• Observing Circumplanetary Disks with METIS
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