Quantum Poker A game for quantum computers suitable for benchmarking error mitigation techniques on NISQ devices

Abstract

Quantum computers are on the verge of becoming a commercially available reality. They represent a paradigm shift in computing, with a steep learning gradient. The creation of games is a way to ease the transition for beginners. We present a game similar to the Poker variant Texas hold 'em with the intention to serve as an engaging pedagogical tool to learn the basics rules of quantum computing. The concepts of quantum states, quantum operations and measurement can be learned in a playful manner. The difference to the classical variant is that the community cards are replaced by a quantum register that is "randomly" initialized, and the cards for each player are replaced by quantum gates, randomly drawn from a set of available gates. Each player can create a quantum circuit with their cards, with the aim to maximize the number of $1$'s that are measured in the computational basis. The basic concepts of superposition, entanglement and quantum gates are employed. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation using Qiskit. A comparison of the results for the created circuits using a simulator and IBM machines is conducted, showing that error rates on contemporary quantum computers are still very high. For the success of noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers, improvements on the error rates and error mitigation techniques are necessary, even for simple circuits. We show that quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques can be used to improve expectation values of observables on real quantum devices.

arXiv commentaccepted for publication at The European Physical Journal Plus

References in corpus (16)

• Error mitigation for short-depth quantum circuits
• Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Gates
• Extending the computational reach of a noisy superconducting quantum processor
• Towards Practical Quantum Variational Algorithms
• Efficient variational quantum simulator incorporating active error minimisation
• Practical Quantum Error Mitigation for Near-Future Applications
• Hybrid Quantum-Classical Hierarchy for Mitigation of Decoherence and Determination of Excited States
• Robust determination of molecular spectra on a quantum processor
• Mapping Quantum Circuits to IBM QX Architectures Using the Minimal Number of SWAP and H Operations
• Quantum computation with universal error mitigation on superconducting quantum processor
• Quantum games: a review of the history, current state, and interpretation
• Distributed correlations and information flows within a hybrid multipartite quantum-classical system
• Recovering noise-free quantum observables
• Velocity selected production of $2^{3}S$ metastable positronium
• Quantized fluctuational electrodynamics for three-dimensional plasmonic structures
• Error Mitigation in Quantum Computers subject to Spatially Correlated Noise

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Mitigating depolarizing noise on quantum computers with noise-estimation circuits
• The Measure of Complexity in Charged Celestial Bodies in $f(R,T,R_{\mu \nu }{T}^{\mu \nu })$ Gravity
• Cosmological Solutions through Gravitational Decoupling in $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{T},{\mathcal{R}}_{\mathrm{ab}}{\mathcal{T}}^{\mathrm{ab}})$ Gravity
• Effect of Extended Gravitational Decoupling on Isotropization and Complexity in f(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{T}) Theory
• Effects of Charge and Gravitational Decoupling on Complexity and Isotropization of Anisotropic Models
• Non-singular anisotropic solutions for strange star model in $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{T},{\mathcal{R}}_{\zeta \gamma }{\mathcal{T}}^{\zeta \gamma })$ gravity theory
• Effects of Non-minimal Matter-geometry Coupling on Embedding Class-one Anisotropic Solutions
• Influence of Charge on Anisotropic Class-one Solution in Non-minimally Coupled Gravity
• Study of Charged Compact Stars in Non-minimally Coupled Gravity
• Impact of Charge on Complexity Analysis and Isotropic Decoupled Solutions in $f(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{T})$ Gravity
• Extended Decoupled Anisotropic Solutions in $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{T},{\mathcal{R}}_{\gamma \chi }{\mathcal{T}}^{\gamma \chi })$ Gravity
• Study of Anisotropic Compact Stars in $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{T},{\mathcal{R}}_{\chi \xi }{\mathcal{T}}^{\chi \xi })$ Gravity
• Anisotropic Stellar Models with Tolman IV Spacetime in Non-minimally Coupled Theory
• Complexity Factor for Static Cylindrical System in Energy-momentum Squared Gravity
• Quantization of Blackjack: Quantum Basic Strategy and Advantage