Generation of cold Rydberg atoms at submicron distances from an optical nanofiber

Abstract

We report on a controllable, hybrid quantum system consisting of cold Rydberg atoms and an optical nanofiber interface. Using a two-photon ladder-type excitation in ${}^{87}$Rb, we demonstrate both coherent and incoherent Rydberg excitation at submicron distances from the nanofiber surface. The 780 nm photon, near resonant to the $5S\to 5P$ transition, is mediated by the cooling laser, while the 482 nm light, near resonant to the $5P\to 29D$ transition, is mediated by the guided mode of the nanofiber. The population loss rate of the cold atom ensemble is used to measure the Rydberg population rate. A theoretical model is developed to interpret the results and link the population rate to the experimentally measured, effective Rabi frequency of the process. This work makes headway in the study of atom-surface interactions at submicron scales and the use of cold Rydberg atoms for all-fibered quantum networks and quantum simulations.

7 pages, 5 figures

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• Fabrication of Optical Nanofibre-Based Cavities using Focussed Ion-Beam Milling -- A Review
• Atom-surface physics: A review
• Machine learner optimization of optical nanofiber-based dipole traps for cold ${}^{87}$Rb atoms
• Dynamics of Rydberg excitations and quantum correlations in an atomic array coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide
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• Spin selection rule for {\it S} level transitions in atomic rubidium under paraxial and nonparaxial two-photon excitation
• Nanotrappy: An open-source versatile package for cold-atom trapping close to nanostructures
• Low-loss, compact, fibre-integrated cell for quantum memories
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• Multipole expansion for dispersion forces -- watch this trace
• Repulsive Casimir-Polder potentials of low-lying excited states of a multilevel alkali-metal atom near an optical nanofiber
• Observation of effects of inter-atomic interaction on Autler-Townes splitting in cold Rydberg atoms