A search for multi-planet systems with TESS using a Bayesian N-body retrieval and machine learning
arXiv:1907.03377 · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab4e1c
Abstract
Transiting exoplanets in multi-planet systems exhibit non-Keplerian orbits as a result of the gravitational influence from companions which can cause the times and durations of transits to vary. The amplitude and periodicity of the transit time variations (TTV) are characteristic of the perturbing planet's mass and orbit. The objects of interest (TOI) from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) are analyzed in a uniform way to search for TTVs with sectors 1-3 of data. Due to the volume of targets in the TESS candidate list, artificial intelligence is used to expedite the search for planets by vetting non-transit signals prior to characterizing the light curve time series. The residuals of fitting a linear orbit ephemeris are used to search for transit timing variations. The significance of a perturbing planet is assessed by comparing the Bayesian evidence between a linear and non-linear ephemeris, which is based on an N-body simulation. Nested sampling is used to derive posterior distributions for the N-body ephemeris and in order to expedite convergence custom priors are designed using machine learning. A dual input, multi-output convolutional neural network is designed to predict the parameters of a perturbing body given the known parameters and measured perturbation (O-C). There is evidence for 3 new multi-planet candidates (WASP-18, WASP-126, TOI-193) with non-transiting companions using the 2 minute cadence observations from TESS. This approach can be used to identify multi-planet systems and stars in need of longer radial velocity and photometric follow-up than those already performed.
arXiv commentAJ Accepted. 25 pages, 18 figures, source code is available online: github.com/pearsonkyle
References in corpus (49)
- The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
- MultiNest: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics
- Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
- Multimodal nested sampling: an efficient and robust alternative to MCMC methods for astronomical data analysis
- REBOUND: An open-source multi-purpose N-body code for collisional dynamics
- On detecting terrestrial planets with timing of giant planet transits
- DHP Framework: Digital Health Passports Using Blockchain -- Use case on international tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic
- IAS15: A fast, adaptive, high-order integrator for gravitational dynamics, accurate to machine precision over a billion orbits
- The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
- Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments
- Overview of the Kepler Science Processing Pipeline
- Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds
- The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite: Simulations of planet detections and astrophysical false positives
- Spin-orbit angle measurements for six southern transiting planets; New insights into the dynamical origins of hot Jupiters
- Identifying Exoplanets with Deep Learning: A Five Planet Resonant Chain around Kepler-80 and an Eighth Planet around Kepler-90
- The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets
- A Revised Exoplanet Yield from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
- LDTk: Limb Darkening Toolkit
- TESS Discovery of a Transiting Super-Earth in the Mensae System
- TESS Discovery of an ultra-short-period planet around the nearby M dwarf LHS 3844
- Secure TTV Mass Measurements: Ten Kepler Exoplanets between 3 and 8 Earth Masses with Diverse Densities and Incident Fluxes
- Spitzer 3.6 micron and 4.5 micron full-orbit lightcurves of WASP-18
- Searching for Exoplanets Using Artificial Intelligence
- TESS's first planet: a super-Earth transiting the naked-eye star Mensae
- Spitzer Secondary Eclipses of WASP-18b
- Physical properties of the 0.94-day period transiting planetary system WASP-18
- TESS full orbital phase curve of the WASP-18b system
- A Hot Saturn Orbiting An Oscillating Late Subgiant Discovered by TESS
- On internal wave breaking and tidal dissipation near the centre of a solar-type star
- HD 202772A B: A Transiting Hot Jupiter Around A Bright, Mildly Evolved Star In A Visual Binary Discovered By Tess
- WASP-4b Arrived Early for the TESS Mission
- TESS delivers its first Earth-sized planet and a warm sub-Neptune
- Predicted Number, Multiplicity, and Orbital Dynamics of TESS M Dwarf Exoplanets
- On the detectability of star-planet interaction
- Numerical and Analytical Modelling of Transit Time Variations
- An Eccentric Massive Jupiter Orbiting a Sub-Giant on a 9.5 Day Period Discovered in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Full Frame Images
- A Jovian planet in an eccentric 11.5 day orbit around HD1397 discovered by TESS
- Dreaming of atmospheres
- Searching For Rapid Orbital Decay of WASP-18b
- An estimate of the Love number of WASP-18Ab from its radial velocity measurements
- Near-resonance in a system of sub-Neptunes from TESS
- TESS exoplanet candidates validated with HARPS archival data. A massive Neptune around GJ143 and two Neptunes around HD23472
- A resonant pair of warm giant planets revealed by TESS
- The Radial Velocity Signature of Tides Raised in Stars Hosting Exoplanets
- Five transiting hot Jupiters discovered using WASP-South, Euler and TRAPPIST: WASP-119 b, WASP-124 b, WASP-126 b, WASP-129 b and WASP-133 b
- Planet Detection Simulations for Several Possible TESS Extended Missions
- Co-orbital exoplanets from close period candidates: The TOI-178 case
- Prospects for TTV Detection and Dynamical Constraints with TESS
- Transit Clairvoyance: Enhancing TESS follow-up using artificial neural networks
Cited by in corpus (15)
- TraMoS V. Updated ephemeris and multi-epoch monitoring of the hot Jupiters WASP-18Ab, WASP-19b, and WASP-77Ab
- Cloud property trends in hot and ultra-hot giant gas planets (WASP-43b, WASP-103b, WASP-121b, HAT-P-7b, and WASP-18b)
- Utilizing Small Telescopes Operated by Citizen Scientists for Transiting Exoplanet Follow-up
- PySME -- Spectroscopy Made Easier
- On the Detection of Exomoons Transiting Isolated Planetary-Mass Objects
- Phase curve pollution of exoplanet transmission spectra
- The PLATO field selection process. II. Characterization of LOPS2, the first long-pointing field
- HD 28109 hosts a trio of transiting Neptunian planets including a near-resonant pair, confirmed by ASTEP from Antarctica
- Pterodactyls: A Tool to Uniformly Search and Vet for Young Transiting Planets In TESS Primary Mission Photometry
- Utilizing a global network of telescopes to update the ephemeris for the highly eccentric planet HD 80606 b and to ensure the efficient scheduling of JWST
- TESS Timings of 31 Hot Jupiters with Ephemeris Uncertainties
- TESS Observations of the Hot Jupiter Exoplanet XO-6b: No Evidence of Transit Timing Variations
- Dark skies of the slightly eccentric WASP-18 b from its optical-to-infrared dayside emission
- Two neighbours of the ultra-short-period Earth-sized planet K2-157 b in the warm Neptunian savanna
- Characterizing the WASP-4 system with TESS and radial velocity data: Constraints on the cause of the hot Jupiter's changing orbit and evidence of an outer planet