Real Scalar Dark Matter: Relativistic Treatment

Abstract

A stable real scalar provides one of the simplest possibilities to account for dark matter. We consider the regime where its coupling to the Standard Model fields is negligibly small. Due to self-coupling, the scalar field can reach thermal or at least kinetic equilibrium, in which case the system is characterized by its temperature and effective chemical potential. We perform a fully relativistic analysis of dark matter evolution, thermalization conditions and different freeze-out regimes, including the chemical potential effects. To this end, we derive a relativistic Bose-Einstein analog of the Gelmini-Gondolo formula for a thermal averaged cross section. Finally, we perform a comprehensive parameter space analysis to determine regions consistent with observational constraints. Dark matter can be both warm and cold in this model.

27 pages, 10 figures, correction to the caption of fig.9

References in corpus (4)

• Gauge Singlet Scalars as Cold Dark Matter
• The Dawn of FIMP Dark Matter: A Review of Models and Constraints
• WIMP and SIMP Dark Matter from the Spontaneous Breaking of a Global Group
• Despicable Dark Relics: generated by gravity with unconstrained masses

Cited by in corpus (29)

• The Hubble tension and a renormalizable model of gauged neutrino self-interactions
• The Higgs Portal to Cosmology
• Neutrino dark matter and the Higgs portal: improved freeze-in analysis
• From WIMPs to FIMPs with Low Reheating Temperatures
• Freezing-in a hot bath: resonances, medium effects and phase transitions
• Dark Matter and Gravity Waves from a Dark Big Bang
• The Cosmological Evolution of Self-interacting Dark Matter
• Dark matter production via a non-minimal coupling to gravity
• Scalar overproduction in standard cosmology and predictivity of non-thermal dark matter
• Modeling holographic dark energy with particle and future horizons
• Dark matter freeze-in from semi-production
• Hunting WIMPs with LISA: Correlating dark matter and gravitational wave signals
• From WIMPs to FIMPs: Impact of Early Matter Domination
• The domain of thermal dark matter candidates
• Reproductive Freeze-In of Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Dark matter production and reheating via direct inflaton couplings: collective effects
• Dark matter relic density from conformally or disformally coupled light scalars
• Sterile neutrino dark matter: relativistic freeze-out
• Relativistic Freeze-in with Scalar Dark Matter in a Gauged $B-L$ Model and Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
• Probing displaced (dark)photons from low reheating freeze-in at the LHC
• Phenomenological and cosmological implications of a scotogenic three-loop neutrino mass model
• Freeze-in and freeze-out of sterile neutrino dark matter
• New Nonrelativistic Quantum Theory of Cold Dark Matter
• Gravothermalizing into primordial black holes, boson stars, and cannibal stars
• Freezing-in Cannibal Dark Sectors
• Cosmological implications of inflaton-mediated dark and visible matter scatterings after reheating
• A forgotten fermion: the hypercharge -3/2 doublet, its phenomenology and connections to dark matter
• Boltzmann Equation Solver for Thermalization
• Searching for dark radiation at the LHC