Sulfur Chemistry in L1157-B1

Abstract

The main carrier of sulfur in dense clouds, where it is depleted from the gas phase, remains a mystery. Shock waves in young molecular outflows disrupt the ice mantles and allow us to directly probe the material that is ejected into the gas phase. A comprehensive study of sulfur-bearing species towards L1157-B1, a shocked region along a protostellar outflow, has been carried out as part of the IRAM-30m large program ASAI. The dataset contains over 100 lines of CCS, H${}_2$CS, OCS, SO, SO${}_2$ and isotopologues. The results of these observations are presented, complementing previous studies of sulfur-bearing species in the region. The column densities and fractional abundances of these species are measured and together these species account for 10\% of the cosmic sulfur abundance in the region. The gas properties derived from the observations are also presented, demonstrating that sulfur bearing species trace a wide range of different gas conditions in the region.

Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (6)

• A Flattened Protostellar Envelope in Absorption around L1157
• First image of the L1157 molecular jet by the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey
• The clumpy structure of the chemically active L1157 outflow
• Complex organic molecules in strongly UV-irradiated gas
• The density structure of the L1157 molecular outflow
• Diagnosing shock temperature with NH${}_3$ and H${}_2$O profiles

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