Diverse communities behave like typical random ecosystems

Abstract

In 1972, Robert May triggered a worldwide research program studying ecological communities using random matrix theory. Yet, it remains unclear if and when we can treat real communities as random ecosystems. Here, we draw on recent progress in random matrix theory and statistical physics to extend May's approach to generalized consumer-resource models. We show that in diverse ecosystems adding even modest amounts of noise to consumer preferences results in a transition to "typicality" where macroscopic ecological properties of communities are indistinguishable from those of random ecosystems, even when resource preferences have prominent designed structures. We test these ideas using numerical simulations on a wide variety of ecological models. Our work offers an explanation for the success of random consumer-resource models in reproducing experimentally observed ecological patterns in microbial communities and highlights the difficulty of scaling up bottom-up approaches in synthetic ecology to diverse communities.

24 pages

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• A minimal model for microbial biodiversity can reproduce experimentally observed ecological patterns
• The Community Simulator: A Python package for microbial ecology
• Phase transition to chaos in complex ecosystems with non-reciprocal species-resource interactions
• Artificial selection of communities drives the emergence of structured interactions
• Geometry of ecological coexistence and niche differentiation
• Emergent competition shapes the ecological properties of multi-trophic ecosystems