Nematic-orbit coupling and nematic density waves in spin-1 condensates
arXiv:1904.01635 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.173203
Abstract
We propose the creation of artificial nematic-orbit coupling in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates, in analogy to spin-orbit coupling. Using a suitably designed microwave chip, the quadratic Zeeman shift, normally uniform in space, can be made to be spatio-temporally varying, leading to a coupling between spatial and nematic degrees of freedom. A phase diagram is explored where three quantum phases with the nematic order emerge: easy-axis, easy-plane with single-well and easy-plane with double well structure in momentum space. By including spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions, we also obtain the low energy excitation spectra in these three phases. Lastly, we show that the nematic-orbit coupling leads to a periodic nematic density modulation in relation to the period of the cosinusoidal quadratic Zeeman term. Our results point to the rich possibilities for manipulation of tensorial degrees of freedom in ultracold gases without requiring Raman lasers, and therefore, obviating light-scattering induced heating.
arXiv comment17 pages, 4 figures
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