The volumetric rate of normal type Ia supernovae in the local universe discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory

Abstract

We present the volumetric rate of normal type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Using strict data-quality cuts, and considering only periods when the PTF maintained a regular cadence, PTF discovered 90 SNe Ia at $z\le 0.09$ in a well-controlled sample over three years of operation (2010-2012). We use this to calculate the volumetric rate of SN Ia events by comparing this sample to simulations of hundreds of millions of SN Ia light curves produced in statistically representative realisations of the PTF survey. This quantifies the recovery efficiency of each PTF SN Ia event, and thus the relative weighting of each event. From this, the volumetric SN Ia rate was found to be $r_v=2.43\pm 0.29{\text{(stat)}}_{-0.19}^{+0.33}\text{(sys)}\times 10^{-5}{\text{SNe yr}}^{-1}{\text{Mpc}}^{-3}{h}_{70}^3$. This represents the most precise local measurement of the SN Ia rate. We fit a simple SN Ia delay-time distribution model, $\propto {\mathrm{t}}^{-\beta }$, to our PTF rate measurement combined with a literature sample of rate measurements from surveys at higher-redshifts. We find $\beta \sim 1$, consistent with a progenitor channel governed by the gravitational in-spiral of binary white dwarfs.

arXiv comment14 pages, 8 figures

References in corpus (58)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
• SDSS-III: Massive Spectroscopic Surveys of the Distant Universe, the Milky Way Galaxy, and Extra-Solar Planetary Systems
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey - The Hubble Space Telescope Observations, Imaging Data Products and Mosaics
• Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples
• The Man Behind the Curtain: X-rays Drive the UV through NIR Variability in the 2013 AGN Outburst in NGC 2617
• First Results from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey
• ATLAS: A High-Cadence All-Sky Survey System
• The Palomar Transient Factory: System Overview, Performance and First Results
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Near Infrared Galaxy Luminosity Functions
• Observational clues to the progenitors of Type-Ia supernovae
• WISeREP - An Interactive Supernova Data Repository
• Exploring the Optical Transient Sky with the Palomar Transient Factory
• Rates and properties of type Ia supernovae as a function of mass and star-formation in their host galaxies
• Nearby Supernova Rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. III. The Rate-Size Relation, and the Rates as a Function of Galaxy Hubble Type and Colour
• Two populations of progenitors for type Ia SNe?
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Technical Summary
• The Dependence of Type Ia Supernova Luminosities on their Host Galaxies
• Revealing the High-Redshift Star Formation Rate with Gamma-Ray Bursts
• PESSTO : survey description and products from the first data release by the Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects
• PTF11kx: A Type-Ia Supernova with a Symbiotic Nova Progenitor
• Type-Ia supernova rates and the progenitor problem, a review
• The delay-time distribution of type-Ia supernovae from Sloan II
• Calcium-rich gap transients in the remote outskirts of galaxies
• Type Ia Supernova Rate Measurements to Redshift 2.5 from CANDELS : Searching for Prompt Explosions in the Early Universe
• Nearby Supernova Rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. I. The Methods and Database
• Type-Ia Supernova Rates to Redshift 2.4 from CLASH: the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble
• The Subaru Deep Field: The Optical Imaging Data
• Automating Discovery and Classification of Transients and Variable Stars in the Synoptic Survey Era
• Star Formation History up to z = 7.4: Implications for Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Cosmic Metallicity Evolution
• The Palomar Transient Factory photometric calibration
• Light curves of hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory
• Spectra of Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory
• The Rising Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae
• The Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae Discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory
• A Measurement of the Rate of type-Ia Supernovae at Redshift $z\approx$ 0.1 from the First Season of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey
• Using Machine Learning for Discovery in Synoptic Survey Imaging
• Supernovae in the Subaru Deep Field: the rate and delay-time distribution of type Ia supernovae out to redshift 2
• The SDSS-II Supernova Survey: Parameterizing the Type Ia Supernova Rate as a Function of Host Galaxy Properties
• Discovery of 90 Type Ia supernovae among 700,000 Sloan spectra: the Type-Ia supernova rate versus galaxy mass and star-formation rate at redshift ~0.1
• Host Galaxy Identification for Supernova Surveys
• Hubble Space Telescope studies of low-redshift Type Ia supernovae: Evolution with redshift and ultraviolet spectral trends
• Exploring the spectral diversity of low-redshift Type Ia supernovae using the Palomar Transient Factory
• Measurements of the Rate of Type Ia Supernovae at Redshift z < ~0.3 from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey
• Type II supernova energetics and comparison of light curves to shock-cooling models
• Evolution in the Volumetric Type Ia Supernova Rate from the Supernova Legacy Survey
• Supernovae in the Subaru Deep Field: An Initial Sample, and Type Ia Rate, out to Redshift 1.6
• The Redshift Distribution of Type-Ia Supernovae: Constraints on Progenitors and Cosmic Star Formation History
• Slow-Speed Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Two Channels
• The Subluminous and Peculiar Type Ia Supernova PTF09dav
• The Delay Time Distribution of Type Ia Supernovae and the Single Degenerate Model
• Constraints on SN Ia progenitor time delays from high-z SNe and the star formation history
• PTF10ops - a subluminous, normal-width lightcurve Type Ia supernova in the middle of nowhere
• The late-time light curve of the type Ia supernova SN 2011fe
• The volumetric rate of calcium-rich transients in the local universe
• Real-Time Recovery Efficiencies and Performance of the Palomar Transient Factory's Transient Discovery Pipeline
• Life Beyond PTF

Cited by in corpus (38)

• Design and operation of the ATLAS Transient Science Server
• The Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey. II. A Public Statistical Sample for Exploring Supernova Demographics
• Observational Properties of Thermonuclear Supernovae
• The Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe I: Systematic search for Calcium rich gap transients reveal three related spectroscopic sub-classes
• Supernovae Ia in 2019 (review): a rising demand for spherical explosions
• Implications of a rapidly varying FRB in a globular cluster of M81
• From core collapse to superluminous: The rates of massive stellar explosions from the Palomar Transient Factory
• Rates and delay times of type Ia supernovae in the Dark Energy Survey
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Modelling selection efficiency and observed core collapse supernova contamination
• Delay Time Distributions of Type Ia Supernovae From Galaxy and Cosmic Star Formation Histories
• The Dark Energy Survey 5-year photometrically identified Type Ia Supernovae
• The peculiar Ca-rich SN 2019ehk: Evidence for a Type IIb core-collapse supernova from a low mass stripped progenitor
• SN 2020kyg and the rates of faint Iax Supernovae from ATLAS
• The Delay Times of Type Ia Supernova
• Supernova Rates and Luminosity Functions from ASAS-SN I: 2014--2017 Type Ia SNe and Their Subtypes
• The ZTF-BTS Type Ia supernovae luminosity function is consistent with a single progenitor channel for the explosions
• Common envelope to explosion delay time of type Ia supernovae
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Cosmological Analysis and Systematic Uncertainties
• The ASAS-SN Bright Supernova Catalog -- V. 2018-2020
• Prospects of Searching for Type Ia Supernovae with 2.5-m Wide Field Survey Telescope
• TiDES: The 4MOST Time Domain Extragalactic Survey
• Common envelope to explosion delay time distribution (CEEDTD) of type Ia supernovae
• Cosmic Type Ia SN rate and constraints on SN Ia progenitors
• The detection efficiency of type Ia supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility: Limits on the intrinsic rate of early flux excesses
• Photometric classification of HSC transients using machine learning
• Enabling catalog simulations of transient and variable sources based on LSST cadence strategies
• Probing the Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae using Circumstellar Material Interaction Signatures
• Optimising a magnitude-limited spectroscopic training sample for photometric classification of supernovae
• Searching for late-time interaction signatures in Type Ia supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
• Forecast for growth-rate measurement using peculiar velocities from LSST supernovae
• Recovered SN Ia rate from simulated LSST images
• ZTF-observed late-time signals of pre-ZTF transients
• A real-time search for Type Ia Supernovae with late-time CSM interaction in ZTF
• A Far-Infrared Search for Planet Nine Using AKARI All-Sky Survey
• Revisiting the Perseus Cluster II: Metallicity-Dependence of Massive Stars and Chemical Enrichment History
• Estimating Transient Rates from Cosmological Simulations and BPASS
• Detecting White Dwarf Binary Mergers with Gravitational Waves
• The interplay between AGN feedback and precipitation of the intracluster medium in simulations of galaxy groups and clusters