Engineering Effects of Vacuum Fluctuations on Two-dimensional Semiconductors

Abstract

The resonance energy and the transition rate of atoms, molecules and solids were understood as their intrinsic properties in classical electromagnetism. With the development of quantum electrodynamics, it is realized that these quantities are linked to the coupling of the transition dipole and the quantum vacuum. Such effects can be greatly amplified in macroscopic many-body systems from virtual photon exchange between dipoles, but are often masked by inhomogeneity and pure dephasing, especially in solids. Here, we observe an exceptionally large renormalization of exciton resonance and radiative decay rate in transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers due to interactions with the vacuum in both absorption and emission spectroscopy. Tuning the vacuum energy density near the monolayer, we demonstrate control of cooperative Lamb shift, radiative decay, and valley polarization as well as control of the charged exciton emission. Our work establishes a simple and robust experimental system for vacuum engineering of cooperative matter-light interactions.

arXiv comment13 pages, 4 figures

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Cited by in corpus (13)

• Quantum Nanophotonics in Two-Dimensional Materials
• Near-unity light absorption in a monolayer WS2 van der Waals heterostructure cavity
• Encapsulation Narrows Excitonic Homogeneous Linewidth of Exfoliated MoSe${}_2$ Monolayer
• Perfect absorption by an atomically thin crystal
• Tutorial: Exciton resonances for atomically-thin optics
• Coherent Control of Two-Dimensional Excitons
• Control of the exciton valley dynamics in van der Waals heterostructures
• Temperature-dependent excitonic light manipulation with atomically-thin optical elements
• Electrically Tunable Interband Collective Excitations in Biased Bilayer and Trilayer Graphene
• Plasmonic photonic crystal mirror for long-lived interlayer exciton generation
• The Importance of Pure Dephasing in the Optical Response of Excitons in High-quality van der Waals Heterostructures
• Excitons and trions with negative effective masses in two-dimensional semiconductors
• Suppression and amplification of phonon sidebands in transition metal dichalcogenides by optical feedback