Methods to simplify cooling of liquid Helium cryostats

Abstract

Liquid Helium is used widely, from hospitals to characterization of materials at low temperatures. Many experiments at low temperatures require liquid Helium, particularly when vibration isolation precludes the use of cryocoolers and when one needs to cool heavy equipment such as superconducting coils. Here we describe methods to simplify the operations required to use liquid Helium by eliminating the use of high pressure bottles, avoiding blockage and improving heating and cooling rates. First we show a simple and very low cost method to transfer liquid Helium from a transport container into a cryostat that uses a manual pump having pumping and pressurizing ports, giving a liquid Helium transfer rate of about 100 liters an hour. Second, we describe a closed cycle circuit of Helium gas cooled in an external liquid nitrogen bath that allows precooling a cryogenic experiment without inserting liquid nitrogen into the cryostat, eliminating problems associated to the presence of nitrogen around superconducting magnets. And third, we show a sliding seal assembly and an inner vacuum chamber design that allows inserting large experiments into liquid Helium.

References in corpus (4)

• Design and performance of an ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope operating at dilution refrigerator temperatures and high magnetic fields
• A scanning tunneling microscope for spectroscopic imaging below 90 mK in magnetic fields up to 17.5 T
• A subKelvin scanning probe microscope for the electronic spectroscopy of an individual nano-device
• An ultrahigh-vacuum cryostat for simultaneous scanning tunneling microscopy and magneto-transport measurements down to 400mK

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