Electroweak phase transition in the presence of hypermagnetic field and the generation of gravitational waves

Abstract

We investigate the effects of a large-scale background hypermagnetic field on the electroweak phase transition. We propose a model in which an effective weak angle varies during the electroweak phase transition and upon its use we show that, although for the majority of the parameter space the phase transition is a crossover, there are tiny regions in which the phase transition occurs in two steps and can be first-order. We obtain all of the important quantities characterizing the details of the first-order phase transition, including the latent heat, transition temperature and duration. We then calculate the gravitational wave energy spectrum generated during the first-order part of the electroweak phase transition and find that, for strong enough background hypermagnetic fields, these signals can be detected by the Ultimate-DECIGO interferometer.

22 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

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Cited by in corpus (2)

• Barrow entropy and stochastic gravitational wave background generated from cosmological QCD phase transition
• Anisotropic gravitational waves induced by hypermagnetic fields during the electroweak phase transition epoch