Constructing the Near field and Far field with Reactive Metagratings: Study on the Degrees of Freedom

Abstract

We report that metamaterial-inspired one-dimensional gratings (or metagratings) can be used to control nonpropagating diffraction orders as well as propagating ones. By accurate engineering of the near field, it becomes possible to satisfy power-conservation conditions and achieve perfect control over all propagating diffraction orders with passive and lossless metagratings. We show that each propagating diffraction order requires 2 degrees of freedom represented by passive and lossless loaded thin "wires." This provides a solution to the old problem of power management between diffraction orders created by a grating. The theory developed is verified by both three-dimensional full-wave numerical simulations and experimental measurements, and can be readily applied to the design of wavefront-manipulation devices over the entire electromagnetic spectrum as well as in different fields of physics.

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• Omega-bianisotropic metasurface for converting a propagating wave into a surface wave
• Dual-Polarized All-Metallic Metagratings for Perfect Anomalous Reflection
• Metaclusters for the Full Control of Mechanical Waves
• Efficient Synthesis of Passively Loaded Finite Arrays for Tunable Anomalous Reflection
• Four-Dimensional Wave Transformations By Space-Time Metasurfaces
• Modeling RIS from Electromagnetic Principles to Communication Systems--Part I: Synthesis and Characterization of a Scalable Anomalous Reflector
• Fisher-Information Efficient Metagratings for Transverse Displacement Metrology at the Measurement Independent Shot-Noise Limit
• Analysis and design of two-dimensional compound metallic metagratings using an analytical method
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