A natural $Z^{\prime }$-portal Majorana dark matter in alternative U(1) extended Standard Model

Abstract

We consider a non-exotic gauged U(1)${}_X$ extension of the Standard Model (SM), where the U(1)${}_X$ charge of a SM field is given by a linear combination of its hypercharge and Baryon-minus-Lepton ($B-L$) number. All the gauge and mixed gauge-gravitational anomalies are cancelled in this model with the introduction of three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs). Unlike the conventional minimal U(1)${}_X$ model, where a universal U(1)${}_X$ charge of $-1$ is assigned to three RHNs, we consider an alternative charge assignment, namely, two RHNs ($N_R^{1,2}$) have U(1)${}_X$ charge $-4$ while one RHN ($N_R$) has a $+5$ charge. With a minimal extension of the Higgs sector, the three RHNs acquire their Majorana masses associated with U(1)${}_X$ symmetry breaking. While $N_R^{1,2}$ have Yukawa coupling with the SM lepton doublets and play an essential role for the 'minimal seesaw' mechanism, $N_R$ is isolated from the SM particles due to its U(1)${}_X$ charge and hence it is a natural candidate for the dark matter (DM) without invoking additional symmetries. In this model context, we investigate the $Z^{\prime }$-portal RHN DM scenario, where the RHN DM communicates with the SM particles through the U(1)${}_X$ gauge boson ($Z^{\prime }$ boson). We identify a narrow parameter space by combining the constraints from the observed DM relic abundance, the results of the search for a $Z^{\prime }$ boson resonance at the Large Hadron Collider Run-2, and the gauge coupling perturbativity up to the Planck/Grand Unification scale. For a special choice of U(1)${}_X$ charges for the SM fields allows us to extend the model to SU(5)$\times$U(1)${}_X$ grand unification. In this scenario, the model parameter space is more severely constrained, which will be explored at future high energy collider experiments.

arXiv comment20 pages, 6 figures, version to be published in PRD

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