Theory of spin magnetic quadrupole moment and temperature-gradient-induced magnetization

Abstract

We revisit a quantum-mechanical formula of the spin magnetic quadrupole moment (MQM) in periodic crystals. Two previous attempts were inconsistent with each other; one is gauge dependent, and the other is gauge invariant. Here we define the spin MQM by calculating the spin density in a nonuniform system. Our definition is analogous to that of the charge polarization, but the result is gauge invariant and coincides with the latter previous one. We also formulate what we call gravitomagnetoelectric (gravito-ME) effect, in which the magnetization is induced by a temperature gradient. Although the Kubo formula for the gravito-ME effect provides an unphysical divergence at zero temperature, we prove that the correct susceptibility is obtained by subtracting the spin MQM from the Kubo formula. It vanishes at zero temperature and is related to the ME susceptibility by the Mott relation. We explicitly calculate the gravito-ME susceptibility in a Rashba ferromagnet and show its experimental feasibility.

arXiv comment14 pages, 2 figures

References in corpus (26)

• Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Enhanced Magnetic Response by Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Theoretical prediction of rotating magnon wavepacket in ferromagnets
• On A Proper Definition of Spin Current
• Cluster multipole theory for anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnets
• Quantum Theory of Orbital Magnetization and its Generalization to Interacting Systems
• Rotational motion of magnon and thermal Hall effect
• Thermoelectric Response of an Interacting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Quantizing Magnetic Field
• Towards a microscopic theory of toroidal moments in bulk periodic crystals
• Energy Magnetization and Thermal Hall Effect
• Current-induced domain wall motion in Rashba spin-orbit system
• Equilibrium spin currents: Non-Abelian gauge invariance and color diamagnetism in condensed matter
• The macroscopic monopolization in diagonal magnetoelectrics
• Description of Multipole in f-Electron Systems
• Theory of Orbital Magnetic Quadrupole Moment and Nonlinear Anomalous Thermoelectric Transport
• Microscopic Theory of Spin Toroidization in Periodic Crystals
• Heat transport as torsional responses and Keldysh formalism in a curved spacetime
• Magnetodielectric detection of magnetic quadrupole order in Ba(TiO)Cu${}_4$(PO${}_4$)${}_4$ with Cu${}_4$O${}_{12}$ square cupolas
• Theory of orbital magnetic quadrupole moment and magnetoelectric susceptibility
• Onsager relations in a two-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit coupling
• Thermally-induced spin polarization of a two dimensional electron gas
• First-principles calculation of the bulk magnetoelectric monopolization: Berry phase and Wannier function approaches
• Electrical spin orientation, spin-galvanic and spin-Hall effects in disordered two-dimensional systems
• Ferrotoroidic Moment as a Quantum Geometric Phase
• Thermally-induced spin polarization in a magnetized two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction
• Anomalous Thermal Hall Effect in a Disordered Weyl Ferromagnet
• Spin Hall effects without spin currents in magnetic insulators

Cited by in corpus (28)

• Thermal Hall effect, spin Nernst effect, and spin density induced by thermal gradient in collinear ferrimagnets from magnon-phonon interaction
• Intrinsic spin Nernst effect of magnons in a noncollinear antiferromagnet
• Thermoelectric Generation of Orbital Magnetization in Metals
• Berry-phase effects in dipole density and Mott relation
• Antisymmetric Thermopolarization by Electric Toroidicity
• Spin-triplet superconductivity from quantum-geometry-induced ferromagnetic fluctuation
• Quantum Kinetic Theory of Thermoelectric and Thermal Transport in a Magnetic Field
• Superconductivity induced by fluctuations of momentum-based multipoles
• Thermodynamic approach to electric quadrupole moments
• Spin accumulation without spin current
• Magnonic Analogue of Edelstein Effect in Antiferromagnetic Insulators
• Topological nature of the proper spin current and the spin-Hall torque
• Spin-Hall effect due to the bulk states of topological insulators: Extrinsic contribution to the conserved spin current
• Chirality polarizations and spectral bulk-boundary correspondence
• Thermodynamic electric quadrupole moments of nematic phases from first-principles calculation
• Magnetic parity violation and parity-time-reversal-symmetric magnets
• Magnon gravitomagnetoelectric effect in noncentrosymmetric antiferromagnetic insulators
• Quantum geometric bounds for observables: Linear responses, Drude weight, and orbital magnetization
• Higher-order topological insulators in a crisscross antiferromagnetic model
• Current-induced quasiparticle magnetic multipole moments
• Orbital Gravito-Magnetoelectric response and Orbital magnetic quadrupole moment correction
• Thermodynamic formulation of the spin magnetic octupole moment in bulk crystals
• Spin accumulation in the spin Nernst effect
• Wannier interpolation of spin accumulation coefficient
• Theory of thermopolarization effect
• Intrinsic spin accumulation in the magnetic spin Hall effect
• Quantum geometric magnetic monopole and two-phase superconductivity in CeRh${}_2$As${}_2$
• Thermal Responses of Spin Density and Spin Current Induced by Bogoliubov Fermi Surfaces in Proximity Superconductors