General Relativistic Aberration Equation and Measurable Angle of Light Ray in Kerr--de Sitter Spacetime

Abstract

As an extension of our previous paper, instead of the total deflection angle $\alpha$, we will mainly focus on discussing the measurable angle of the light ray $\psi$ at the position of the observer in Kerr--de Sitter spacetime which includes the cosmological constant $\Lambda$. We will investigate the contributions of the radial and transverse motions of the observer which are connected with the radial velocity $v^r$ and transverse velocity $b{v}^{\varphi }$ ($b$ is the impact parameter) as well as the spin parameter $a$ of the central object which induces the gravitomagnetic field or frame dragging and the cosmological constant $\Lambda$. The general relativistic aberration equation is employed to take into account the influence of the motion of the observer on the measurable angle $\psi$. The measurable angle $\psi$ derived in this paper can be applied to the observer placed within the curved and finite-distance region in the spacetime. The equation of the light trajectory will be obtained in such a way that the background is de Sitter spacetime instead of Minkowski spacetime. If we assume that the lens object is the typical galaxy, the static terms $\mathcal{O}(\Lambda bm,\Lambda ba)$ are basically comparable with the second order deflection term $\mathcal{O}(m^2)$, and they are almost one order smaller that of the Kerr deflection $-4ma/b^2$. The velocity-dependent terms $\mathcal{O}(\Lambda bm{v}^r,\Lambda ba{v}^r)$ for radial motion and $\mathcal{O}(\Lambda b^{2}m{v}^{\varphi },\Lambda b^{2}a{v}^{\varphi })$ for transverse motion are at most two orders of magnitude smaller than the second order deflection $\mathcal{O}(m^2)$. We also find that even when the radial and transverse velocities have the same sign, their asymptotic behavior as $\varphi$ approaches $0$ is differs, and each diverges to the opposite infinity.

26 pages, 7 figures, submitted PRD. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1808.03418

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Gravitational lensing of massive particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
• Kerr-Newman black hole lensing of relativistic massive particles in the weak field limit
• General Relativistic Aberration Equation and Measurable Angle of Light Ray in Kerr--de Sitter Spacetime
• Critique of the use of geodesics in astrophysics and cosmology