Thermodynamics of inhomogenous imperfect quantum gases in harmonic traps

Abstract

We discuss thermodynamic properties of harmonically trapped imperfect quantum gases. The spatial inhomogeneity of these systems imposes a redefinition of the mean-field interparticle potential energy as compared to the homogeneous case. In our approach, it takes the form $\frac{a}{2}{N}^2{\omega }^d$, where $N$ is the number of particles, $\omega$ - the harmonic trap frequency, $d$ - system's dimensionality, and $a$ is a parameter characterizing the interparticle interaction. We provide arguments that this model corresponds to the limiting case of a long-ranged interparticle potential of vanishingly small amplitude. This conclusion is drawn from a computation similar to the well-known Kac scaling procedure, which is presented here in a form adapted to the case of an isotropic harmonic trap. We show that within our model, the imperfect gas of trapped repulsive bosons undergoes the Bose-Einstein condensation provided $d>1$. The main result of our analysis is that in $d=1$ the gas of attractive imperfect fermions with $a=-a_F<0$ is thermodynamically equivalent to the gas of repulsive bosons with $a=a_B>0$ provided the parameters $a_F$ and $a_B$ fulfill the relation $a_B+a_F=\hslash$. This result supplements similar recent conclusion about thermodynamic equivalence of two-dimensional uniform imperfect repulsive Bose and attractive Fermi gases.

Revised version, comments added