Dark Matter from Strong Dynamics: The Minimal Theory of Dark Baryons

Abstract

As a simple model for dark matter, we propose a QCD-like theory based on $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ gauge theory with one flavor of dark quark. The model is confining at low energy and we use lattice simulations to investigate the properties of the lowest-lying hadrons. Compared to QCD, the theory has several peculiar differences: there are no Goldstone bosons or chiral symmetry restoration when the dark quark becomes massless; the usual global baryon number symmetry is enlarged to $\mathrm{SU}(2{)}_{\mathrm{B}}$, resembling isospin; and baryons and mesons are unified together in $\mathrm{SU}(2{)}_{\mathrm{B}}$ iso-multiplets. We argue that the lightest baryon, a vector boson, is a stable dark matter candidate and is a composite realization of the hidden vector dark matter scenario. The model naturally includes a lighter state, the analog of the ${\eta }^{\prime }$ in QCD, for dark matter to annihilate into to set the relic density via thermal freeze-out. Dark matter baryons may also be asymmetric, strongly self-interacting, or have their relic density set via $3\to 2$ cannibalizing transitions. We discuss some experimental implications of coupling dark baryons to the Higgs portal.

arXiv comment26 pages, 16 figures

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