Pressure-induced multiple phase transformations of the BaBi${}_3$ superconductor

Abstract

Measurements of temperature-dependent resistance and magnetization under hydrostatic pressures up to 2.13 GPa are reported for single-crystalline, superconducting BaBi${}_3$. A temperature - pressure phase diagram is determined and the results suggest three different superconducting phases $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$ in the studied pressure range. We further show that occurrence of the three superconducting phases is intuitively linked to phase transitions at higher temperature which are likely first order in nature. $T_p$, which separates phase $\alpha$ from $\beta$ and $\gamma$, is associated with an abrupt resistance change as pressure is increased from 0.27 GPa to 0.33 GPa. Above 0.33 GPa, an "S-shape" anomaly in the temperature-dependent resistance curve, $T_{\text{S}}$, is observed and associated with the transition between the $\beta$ and $\gamma$ phases. Further increasing of pressure above 1.05 GPa suppresses this transition and BaBi${}_3$ stays in $\gamma$ phase over the whole investigated temperature range. These high-temperature anomalies are likely related to structural degrees of freedom. With the $\alpha$ phase being the ambient-pressure tetragonal structure ($P4/mmm$), our first-principle calculations suggest the $\beta$ phase to be cubic structure ($Pm-3m$) and the $\gamma$ phase to be a distorted tetragonal structure where the Bi atoms are moved out of the face-centered position. Finally, an analysis of the evolution of the superconducting upper critical field with pressure further confirms these transitions in the superconducting state and suggests a possible change of band structure or a Lifshitz transition near 1.54 GPa in $\gamma$ phase. Given the large atomic numbers of both Ba and Bi, our results establish BaBi${}_3$ as a good candidate for the study of the interplay of structure with superconductivity in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling.

arXiv comment11 pages, 10 figures

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• Physical properties of $R$Bi${}_2$ ($R=$La, Ce) under pressure