Equations of state from individual one-dimensional Bose gases

Abstract

We trap individual 1D Bose gases and obtain the associated equation of state by combining calibrated confining potentials with in-situ density profiles. Our observations agree well with the exact Yang-Yang 1D thermodynamic solutions under the local density approximation. We find that our final 1D system undergoes inefficient evaporative cooling that decreases the absolute temperature, but monotonically reduces a degeneracy parameter.

19 pages including supplementary material, 5 figures