Sun-to-Earth Propagation of the 2015 June 21 Coronal Mass Ejection Revealed by Optical, EUV, and Radio Observations

Abstract

We investigate the propagation of the 2015 June 21 CME-driven shock as revealed by the type II bursts at metric and longer wavelengths and coronagraph observations. The CME was associated with the second largest geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24 and a large solar energetic particle (SEP) event. The eruption consisted of two M-class flares, with the first one being confined, with no metric or interplanetary radio bursts. However, there was intense microwave burst, indicating accelerated particles injected toward the Sun. The second flare was eruptive that resulted in a halo CME. The CME was deflected primarily by an equatorial coronal hole that resulted in the modification of the intensity profile of the associated SEP event and the duration of the CME at Earth. The interplanetary type II burst was particularly intense and was visible from the corona all the way to the vicinity of the Wind spacecraft with fundamental-harmonic structure. We computed the shock speed using the type II drift rates at various heliocentric distances and obtained information on the evolution of the shock that matched coronagraph observations near the Sun and in-situ observations near Earth. The depth of the geomagnetic storm is consistent with the 1-AU speed of the CME and the magnitude of the southward component.

arXiv comment34 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in JASTP

References in corpus (16)

• On Sun-to-Earth Propagation of Coronal Mass Ejections
• Major Solar Eruptions and High Energy Particle Events during Solar Cycle 24
• Interplanetary shocks lacking type II radio bursts
• Height of Shock Formation in the Solar Corona Inferred from Observations of Type II Radio Bursts and Coronal Mass Ejections
• Coronal Mass Ejections from Sunspot and non-Sunspot Regions
• Plasma and Magnetic Field Characteristics of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections in Relation to Geomagnetic Storm Intensity and Variability
• The Peculiar Behavior of Halo Coronal Mass Ejections in Solar Cycle 24
• Large Solar Energetic Particle Events Associated with Filament Eruptions Outside of Active Regions
• Estimation of Reconnection Flux using Post-eruption Arcades and Its Relevance to 1-au Magnetic Clouds
• Coronal Flux Ropes and their Interplanetary Counterparts
• The 2012 July 23 Backside Eruption: An Extreme Energetic Particle Event?
• Testing the Empirical Shock Arrival Model using Quadrature Observations
• Low-frequency type II radio detections and coronagraph data to describe and forecast the propagation of 71 CMEs/shocks
• Radio-loud CMEs from the disk center lacking shocks at 1 AU
• An Early Diagnostics of the Geoeffectiveness of Solar Eruptions from Photospheric Magnetic Flux Observations: The Transition from SOHO to SDO
• Factors Affecting The Intensity of Solar Energetic Particle Events

Cited by in corpus (5)

• An Observationally Constrained Analytical Model for Predicting the Magnetic Field Vectors of ICMEs at 1 AU
• Identification of Pre-flare Processes and Their Possible Role in Driving a Large-scale Flux Rope Eruption with Complex M-class Flare in the Active Region NOAA 12371
• Source of Energetic Protons in the 2014 September 1 Sustained Gamma-ray Emission Event
• The Instantaneous Response of Geomagnetic Field, near-Earth IMF and Cosmic-Ray Intensity to Solar Flares
• A Weak Fermi Gamma-ray Event Associated with a Halo CME and a Type II Radio Burst