Superfluid 3He in Aerogel

Abstract

Superfluid 3He is an unconventional neutral superfluid in a p-wave state with three different superfluid phases each identified by a unique set of characteristic broken symmetries and non- trivial topology. Despite natural immunity of 3He from defects and impurity of any kind, it has been found that they can be artificially introduced with high porosity silica aerogel. Furthermore, it has been shown that this modified quantum liquid becomes a superfluid with remarkably sharp thermodynamic transitions from the normal state and between its various phases. They include new superfluid phases that are stabilized by anisotropy from uniform strain imposed on the silica aerogel framework and they include new phenomena in a new class of anisotropic aerogels consisting of nematically ordered alumina strands. The study of superfluid 3He in the presence of correlated, quenched disorder from aerogel, serves as a model for understanding the effect of impurities on the symmetry and topology of unconventional superconductors.

23 pages, 8 figures, accepted Annual Reviews Condensed Matter Physics

References in corpus (14)

• Observation of half-quantum vortices in topological superfluid 3He
• Polar phase of superfluid 3He in anisotropic aerogel
• Strong orientational effect of stretched aerogel on the 3He order parameter
• Impurity Effects of Aerogel in Superfluid ${}^3$He
• Impurity Effects on the A_1-A_2 Splitting of Superfluid 3He in Aerogel
• Globally Anisotropic High Porosity Silica Aerogels
• Spin diffusion in liquid 3He confined in nafen
• Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons and spin superfluidity in the polar phase of ${}^3$He
• Specific Heat of Disordered Superfluid ${}^3$He
• Anisotropic phases of superfluid 3He in compressed aerogel
• Half-Quantum Vortices in Superfluid Helium
• Aerogel Waveplates
• Grand Challenges in Quantum Fluids and Solids
• Stability of the A-like Phase of Superfluid 3He in Aerogel with Globally Anisotropic Scattering

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• Spin-Nernst Effect in Time-Reversal-Invariant Topological Superconductors
• Planar and Nematic Aerogels: DLCA and Superfluid 3He
• On the Excitations of a Balian-Werthamer Superconductor
• Magnetic Susceptibility of Andreev Bound States in Superfluid ${}^3$He-B
• Anomalous Thermal Hall Effect in Chiral Phases of ${}^3$He-Aerogel
• Proposal to Observe Transverse Sound in Normal Liquid ${}^3$He in Aerogel