Hydrogen Radio Recombination Line Emission from M51 and NGC628

Abstract

We report the discovery of hydrogen radio recombination line (RRL) emission from two galaxies with star formation rates (SFRs) similar to that of the Milky Way: M51 and NGC628. We use the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to measure $\sim$15 Hn$\alpha$ recombination transitions simultaneously and average these data to improve our spectral signal-to-noise ratio. We show that our data can be used to estimate the total ionizing photon flux of these two sources, and we derive their SFRs within the GBT beam: ${\Psi }_{\mathrm{OB}}=3.46$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ for M51 and ${\Psi }_{\mathrm{OB}}=0.56$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ for NGC628. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to detect RRLs from normal galaxies that are not undergoing a starburst with current instrumentation and reasonable integration times ($\sim$12 hr for each source). We also show that we can characterize the overall star-forming properties of M51 and NGC628, although the GBT beam cannot resolve individual HII region complexes. Our results suggest that future instruments, such as the Square Kilometre Array and the Next Generation Very Large Array, will be able to detect RRL emission from a multitude of Milky Way-like galaxies, making it possible to determine SFRs of normal galaxies unaffected by extinction and to measure global star formation properties in the local universe.

arXiv comment8 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables; Accepted for publication in PASP

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• The GBT Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey (GDIGS): Survey Overview and First Data Release
• Ionization Profiles of Galactic HII Regions
• The Origin of [CII] 158um Emission toward the HII Region Complex S235
• A physically motivated `charge-exchange method' for measuring electron temperatures within HII regions
• The GBT Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey: Tracing the Diffuse Ionized Gas around the Giant HII Region W43
• The recent star formation history of NGC 628 on resolved scales
• Cyanopolyyne line survey towards high-mass star-forming regions with TMRT
• Decoding NGC 628 with radiative transfer methods
• Science with an ngVLA: Radio Recombination Lines from HII Regions