Observables in Inhomogeneous Ground States at Large Global Charge

Abstract

As a sequel to previous work, we extend the study of the ground state configuration of the $D=3$, Wilson-Fisher conformal $O(4)$ model. In this work, we prove that for generic ratios of two charge densities, ${\rho }_1/{\rho }_2$, the ground-state configuration is inhomogeneous and that the inhomogeneity expresses itself towards longer spatial periods. This is the direct extension of the similar statements we previously made for ${\rho }_1/{\rho }_2\ll 1$. We also compute, at fixed set of charges, ${\rho }_1,{\rho }_2$, the ground state energy and the two-point function(s) associated with this inhomogeneous configuration on the torus. The ground state energy was found to scale $({\rho }_1+{\rho }_2{)}^{3/2}$, as dictated by dimensional analysis and similarly to the case of the $O(2)$ model. Unlike the case of the $O(2)$ model, the ground also strongly violates cluster decomposition in the large-volume, fixed-density limit, with a two-point function that is negative definite at antipodal points of the torus at leading order at large charge.

arXiv comment25 pages

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• Droplet-Edge Operators in Nonrelativistic Conformal Field Theories
• On perturbation around closed exclusion processes