Survival of the simplest: the cost of complexity in microbial evolution

Abstract

The evolution of microbial and viral organisms often generates clonal interference, a mode of competition between genetic clades within a population. In this paper, we show that interference strongly constrains the genetic and phenotypic complexity of evolving systems. Our analysis uses biophysically grounded evolutionary models for an organism's quantitative molecular phenotypes, such as fold stability and enzymatic activity of genes. We find a generic mode of asexual evolution called phenotypic interference with strong implications for systems biology: it couples the stability and function of individual genes to the population's global speed of evolution. This mode occurs over a wide range of evolutionary parameters appropriate for microbial populations. It generates selection against genome complexity, because the fitness cost of mutations increases faster than linearly with the number of genes. Recombination can generate a distinct mode of sexual evolution that eliminates the superlinear cost. We show that positive selection can drive a transition from asexual to facultative sexual evolution, providing a specific, biophysically grounded scenario for the evolution of sex. In a broader context, our analysis suggests that the systems biology of microbial organisms is strongly intertwined with their mode of evolution.

arXiv comment*equal contribution

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Adaptive evolution of hybrid bacteria by horizontal gene transfer
• Inferring epistasis from genomic data with comparable mutation and outcrossing rate
• High fraction of silent recombination in a finite population two-locus neutral birth-death-mutation model
• Antigenic waves of virus-immune co-evolution
• Studying viral populations with tools from quantum spin chains