Critical behavior of the van der Waals bonded ferromagnet Fe${}_{3-x}$GeTe${}_2$

Abstract

The critical properties of the single-crystalline van der Waals bonded ferromagnet Fe${}_{3-x}$GeTe${}_2$ were investigated by bulk dc magnetization around the paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition. The Fe${}_{3-x}$GeTe${}_2$ single crystals grown by self-flux method with Fe deficiency $x\approx 0.36$ exhibit bulk FM ordering below $T_c=152$ K. The Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to provide information on defects and local atomic environment in such crystals. Critical exponents $\beta =0.372(4)$ with a critical temperature $T_c=151.25(5)$ K and $\gamma =1.265(15)$ with $T_c=151.17(12)$ K are obtained by the Kouvel-Fisher method whereas $\delta =4.50(1)$ is obtained by a critical isotherm analysis at $T_c=151$ K. These critical exponents obey the Widom scaling relation $\delta =1+\gamma /\beta$, indicating self-consistency of the obtained values. With these critical exponents the isotherm $M(H)$ curves below and above the critical temperatures collapse into two independent universal branches, obeying the single scaling equation $m=f_{\pm }(h)$, where $m$ and $h$ are renormalized magnetization and field, respectively. The exponents determined in this study are close to those calculated from the results of the renormalization group approach for a heuristic model of three-dimensional Heisenberg ($d=3,n=3$) spins coupled with the attractive long-range interactions between spins that decay as $J(r)\approx r^{-(3+\sigma )}$ with $\sigma =1.89$.

arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1706.07324, arXiv:1803.04482

References in corpus (3)

• Electronic Correlation and Magnetism in the Ferromagnetic Metal Fe3GeTe2
• Tricritical behavior of two-dimensional intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconducting CrGeTe3
• Magnetic anisotropy of the single-crystalline ferromagnetic insulator Cr2Ge2Te6

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