The multidimensional dependence of halo bias in the eye of a machine: a tale of halo structure, assembly and environment

Abstract

We develop a novel approach in exploring the joint dependence of halo bias on multiple halo properties using Gaussian process regression. Using a $\Lambda$CDM $N$-body simulation, we carry out a comprehensive study of the joint bias dependence on halo structure, formation history and environment. We show that the bias is a multivariate function of halo properties that falls into three regimes. For massive haloes, halo mass explains the majority of bias variation. For early-forming haloes, bias depends sensitively on the recent mass accretion history. For low-mass and late-forming haloes, bias depends more on the structure of a halo such as its shape and spin. Our framework enables us to convincingly prove that $V_{\max }/V_{\mathrm{vir}}$ is a lossy proxy of formation time for bias modelling, whereas the mass, spin, shape and formation time variables are non-redundant with respect to each other. Combining mass and formation time largely accounts for the mass accretion history dependence of bias. Combining all the internal halo properties fully accounts for the density profile dependence inside haloes, and predicts the clustering variation of individual haloes to a $20\%$ level at $\sim 10\mathrm{Mpc}{h}^{-1}$. When an environmental density is measured outside $1\mathrm{Mpc}{h}^{-1}$ from the halo centre, it outperforms and largely accounts for the bias dependence on the internal halo structure, explaining the bias variation above a level of $30\%$.

MNRAS accepted

References in corpus (17)

• Properties of Dark Matter Haloes in Clusters, Filaments, Sheets and Voids
• The spin and shape of dark matter haloes in the Millennium simulation of a LambdaCDM universe
• Assembly bias in the clustering of dark matter haloes
• The Evolution of Dark Matter Halo Properties in Clusters, Filaments, Sheets and Voids
• The dependence of dark halo clustering on the formation epoch and the concentration parameter
• The Unorthodox Orbits of Substructure Halos
• On Halo Formation Times and Assembly Bias
• HBT+: an improved code for finding subhalos and building merger trees in cosmological simulations
• Environmental Dependence of Cold Dark Matter Halo Formation
• The assembly bias of dark matter haloes to higher orders
• How does the cosmic web impact assembly bias?
• Spatial Clustering of Dark Matter Halos: Secondary Bias, Neighbor Bias, and the Influence of Massive Neighbors on Halo Properties
• Properties of Dark Matter Halos as a Function of Local Environment Density
• CosmicGrowth Simulations---Cosmological simulations for structure growth studies
• Dependence of halo bias on mass and environment
• Dependence of Halo Bias and Kinematics on Assembly Variables
• Some assembly required: assembly bias in massive dark matter halos

Cited by in corpus (47)

• Dissecting and Modelling Galaxy Assembly Bias
• The Three Causes of Low-Mass Assembly Bias
• Cosmic web anisotropy is the primary indicator of halo assembly bias
• The Aemulus Project V: Cosmological constraint from small-scale clustering of BOSS galaxies
• The dependence of halo bias on age, concentration and spin
• A natural boundary of dark matter haloes revealed around the minimum bias and maximum infall locations
• On the influence of halo mass accretion history on galaxy properties and assembly bias
• BAM: Bias Assignment Method to generate mock catalogs
• The Secondary Spin Bias of Dark Matter Haloes
• Relating the structure of dark matter halos to their assembly and environment
• Galaxy assembly bias of central galaxies in the Illustris simulation
• Dependence of Halo Bias and Kinematics on Assembly Variables
• The physical origins of low-mass spin bias
• Cosmological Evidence Modelling: a new simulation-based approach to constrain cosmology on non-linear scales
• On the prospect of using the maximum circular velocity of halos to encapsulate assembly bias in the galaxy-halo connection
• The galaxy size - halo mass scaling relations and clustering properties of central and satellite galaxies
• Probing the galaxy-halo connection with total satellite luminosity
• First measurement of the characteristic depletion radius of dark matter haloes from weak lensing
• What to expect from dynamical modelling of cluster haloes II. Investigating dynamical state indicators with Random Forest
• Weighing neutrinos with the halo environment
• Physical evolution of dark matter halo around the depletion boundary
• The stellar mass in and around isolated central galaxies: connections to the total mass distribution through galaxy-galaxy lensing in the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
• One simulation to have them all: performance of the Bias Assignment Method against N-body simulations
• The cosmic web connection to the dark matter halo distribution through gravity
• Modeling assembly bias with machine learning and symbolic regression
• On the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect as an observational probe for halo spin bias
• Separate Universe calibration of the dependence of halo bias on cosmic web anisotropy
• A physical and concise halo model based on the depletion radius
• Connecting SDSS central galaxies to their host halos using total satellite luminosity
• The outermost edges of the Milky Way halo from galaxy kinematics
• Analytical halo models of cosmic tidal fields
• Mock halo catalogs: assigning unresolved halo properties using correlations with local halo environment
• A machine learning approach to infer the accreted stellar mass fractions of central galaxies in the TNG100 simulation
• New insight into the variability of the Be star $\pi$ Aquarii: Determination of stellar and disk parameters
• Small scale clustering of BOSS galaxies: dependence on luminosity, color, age, stellar mass, specific star formation rate and other properties
• Exploring the physical origins of halo assembly bias from early times
• Secondary halo bias through cosmic time II: Reconstructing halo properties using clustering information
• Anisotropy and characteristic scales in halo density gradient profiles
• Evaluating the origins of the secondary bias based on the correlation of halo properties with the linear density field
• On the Constraints of Galaxy Assembly Bias in Velocity Space
• Mass accretion rates and multi-scale halo environment in cold and warm dark matter cosmologies
• Assembly bias in quadratic bias parameters of dark matter halos from forward modeling
• Subhalo abundance and satellite spatial distribution in Milky Way-Andromeda-like paired haloes
• Galaxy assembly bias in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations: a comparison between SIMBA and IllustrisTNG
• Predicting halo occupation and galaxy assembly bias with machine learning
• Towards an Observational Detection of Halo Spin Bias using Spin-Orbit Coherence
• Individual halo bias in models of $f(R)$ gravity