Landau theory of the short-time dynamical phase transitions of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interface

Abstract

We study the short-time distribution $\mathcal{P}\left(H,L,t\right)$ of the two-point two-time height difference $H=h(L,t)-h(0,0)$ of a stationary Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) interface in 1+1 dimension. Employing the optimal-fluctuation method, we develop an effective Landau theory for the second-order dynamical phase transition found previously for $L=0$ at a critical value $H=H_c$. We show that $|H|$ and $L$ play the roles of inverse temperature and external magnetic field, respectively. In particular, we find a first-order dynamical phase transition when $L$ changes sign, at supercritical $H$. We also determine analytically $\mathcal{P}\left(H,L,t\right)$ in several limits away from the second-order transition. Typical fluctuations of $H$ are Gaussian, but the distribution tails are highly asymmetric. The tails $-\ln \mathcal{P}\sim {\left|H\right|}^{3/2}/\sqrt{t}$ and $-\ln \mathcal{P}\sim {\left|H\right|}^{5/2}/\sqrt{t}$, previously found for $L=0$, are enhanced for $L\ne 0$. At very large $|L|$ the whole height-difference distribution $\mathcal{P}\left(H,L,t\right)$ is time-independent and Gaussian in $H$, $-\ln \mathcal{P}\sim {\left|H\right|}^2/|L|$, describing the probability of creating a ramp-like height profile at $t=0$.

13 pages, 9 figures

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