K2 photometry and HERMES spectroscopy of the blue supergiant rho Leo: rotational wind modulation and low-frequency waves

Abstract

We present an 80-d long uninterrupted high-cadence K2 light curve of the B1Iab supergiant rho Leo (HD 91316), deduced with the method of halo photometry. This light curve reveals a dominant frequency of $f_{\rmrot}=0.0373$d${}^{-1}$ and its harmonics. This dominant frequency corresponds with a rotation period of 26.8d and is subject to amplitude and phase modulation. The K2 photometry additionally reveals multiperiodic low-frequency variability ($<1.5$d${}^{-1}$) and is in full agreement with low-cadence high-resolution spectroscopy assembled during 1800 days. The spectroscopy reveals rotational modulation by a dynamic aspherical wind with an amplitude of about 20km s${}^{-1}$ in the H$\alpha$ line, as well as photospheric velocity variations of a few km s${}^{-1}$ at frequencies in the range 0.2 to 0.6 d${}^{-1}$ in the SiIII 4567Å line. Given the large macroturbulence needed to explain the spectral line broadening of the star, we interpret the detected photospheric velocity as due to travelling super-inertial low-degree large-scale gravity waves with dominant tangential amplitudes and discuss why $\rho$~Leo is an excellent target to study how the observed photospheric variability propagates into the wind.

Manuscript accepted for publication in MNRAS, 8 pages, 13 figures