The kurtosis of net baryon number fluctuations from a realistic Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model along the experimental freeze-out line

Abstract

Firstly we qualitatively analyze the formation of the dip and peak structures of the kurtosis $\kappa {\sigma }^2$ of net baryon number fluctuation along imagined freeze-out lines and discuss the signature of the existence of the QCD critical end point (CEP) in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, Polyakov-NJL (PNJL) model as well as $\mu$-dependent PNJL($\mu$ PNJL) model with different parameter sets, and then we apply a realistic PNJL model with parameters fixed by lattice data at zero chemical potential, and quantitatively investigate its $\kappa {\sigma }^2$ along the real freeze-out line extracted from experiments. The important contribution from gluodynamics to the baryon number fluctuations is discussed. The peak structure of $\kappa {\sigma }^2$ along the freeze-out line is solely determined by the existence of the CEP mountain and can be used as a clean signature for the existence of CEP. The formation of the dip structure is sensitive to the relation between the freeze-out line and the phase boundary, and the freeze-out line starts from the back-ridge of the phase boundary is required. To our surprise, the kurtosis $\kappa {\sigma }^2$ produced from the realistic PNJL model along the experimental freeze-out line agrees with BES-I data well, which indicates that equilibrium result can explain the experimental data. It is worth to point out that the extracted freeze-out temperatures from beam energy scan measurement are indeed higher than the critical temperatures at small chemical potentials, which supports our qualitative analysis.

15 pages, 10 figures

References in corpus (15)

• Bulk Properties of the Medium Produced in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan Program
• The Phase Structure of the Polyakov--Quark-Meson Model
• Search for the QCD Critical Point with Fluctuations of Conserved Quantities in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC : An Overview
• The QCD Equation of State to $\mathcal{O}({\mu }_B^6)$ from Lattice QCD
• Phase diagram and critical endpoint for strongly-interacting quarks
• Critical point in the phase diagram of primordial quark-gluon matter from black hole physics
• Thermodynamics of the PNJL model
• PNJL model with a Van der Monde term
• Baryon number fluctuations at finite temperature and density
• Fluctuations and Correlations of Conserved Charges near the QCD Critical Point
• The phase structure of QCD
• Locating the QCD critical end point through the peaked baryon number susceptibilities along the freeze-out line
• Identified particle production and freeze-out properties in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan program
• Updates to the p+p and A+A chemical freeze-out lines from the new experimental data
• Lattice QCD results on soft and hard probes of strongly interacting matter

Cited by in corpus (31)

• Cumulants and Correlation Functions of Net-proton, Proton and Antiproton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Gluodynamics and deconfinement phase transition under rotation from holography
• Hyper-order baryon number fluctuations at finite temperature and density
• QCD at finite temperature and density within the fRG approach: An overview
• Probing QCD critical point and induced gravitational wave by black hole physics
• A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Fully-heavy tetraquarks in strongly interacting medium
• Quarkyonic phase from quenched dynamical holographic QCD model
• $\Lambda /\bar{\Lambda }$ Polarization and Splitting Induced by Rotation and Magnetic Field
• The dynamical holographic QCD method for hadron physics and QCD matter
• Phase structure and critical phenomena in 2-flavor QCD by holography
• Baryon number fluctuations in the 2+1 flavor low energy effective model
• Holographic study of higher-order baryon number susceptibilities at finite temperature and density
• Centrality selection effect on higher-order cumulants of net-proton multiplicity distributions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Calculating the initial energy density in heavy ion collisions by including the finite nuclear thickness
• Holographic cold dense matter constrained by neutron stars
• Do we need to use regularization on the thermal part in the NJL model?
• Revisiting holographic model for thermal and dense QCD with a critical point
• Pileup Correction on Higher-order Cumulants with Unfolding Approach
• Effects of resonance weak decays and hadronic re-scattering on the proton number fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5$ GeV from JAM model
• Transition rate and gravitational wave spectrum from first-order QCD phase transitions
• Thermodynamic Geometry of the Quark-Meson Model
• Isospin effect on baryon and charge fluctuations from the pNJL model
• Effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on proton number cumulant in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV from JAM model
• Holographic entanglement properties in the QCD phase diagram from EMD models
• An NJL model analysis of a magnetised nonextensive QCD medium
• Study of hybrid stars with nonstrange quark matter cores
• Search for the QCD Critical Point in High Energy Nuclear Collisions: A Status Report
• Toward a holographic realization of the 2+1-flavor QCD phase structure
• Generalized susceptibilities of net-baryon number based on the 3-dimensional Ising universality class
• Fixed point behavior of cumulants in the three-dimensional Ising universality class